TIER, a Threat Implicitness Benchmark for behavioral safety evaluation of LLMs, is introduced, showing that safety behaviors evolve gradually across threat levels rather than shifting directly from refusal to compliance.
Abstract
Current LLM safety benchmarks largely rely on binary metrics, overlooking how models respond to harmful prompts with varying threat implicitness. We introduce TIER, a Threat Implicitness Benchmark for behavioral safety evaluation of LLMs. TIER covers four risk domains and four threat levels, from explicit harmful requests to sophisticated jailbreaks. Responses are assessed using a six-label behavior scale and two independent LLM judges. Experiments on six open-weight LLMs show that safety behaviors evolve gradually across threat levels rather than shifting directly from refusal to compliance. Contextual prompts yield the most diverse behaviors, while jailbreaks reveal the largest robustness gaps. Furthermore, models with similar Attack Success Rates can exhibit distinct response distributions, highlighting the need for behavior-aware LLM safety evaluation.
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Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.
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