Sep 2026· Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication· 10 references
Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Abstract
Abstract The last decades of the 20th century witnessed a remarkable growth and expansion of human activities, coupled with transformation and change—all of unprecedented scale and scope. Such tendencies can be labeled as forms of global reach. The dynamics of global reach are not unique to the current time or space. Global reach is defined as a process of extending activities beyond established boundaries, including behaviors affecting (a) the socio-geopolitical system, (b) the natural environment, and (c) the constructed venue of cyberspace. The most familiar manifestations of global reach are lateral in form—that is, characterized by terrestrial features—and governed by common human practices. Reach tends to enhance existing capabilities, generate new ideas for new technologies, or both. In this context, global reach is also about who does what, when, how, why, and where. With artificial intelligence, the concept of reach takes on new manifestations.
GAOKAO-Bench is introduced, an intuitive benchmark that employs questions from the Chinese GAOKAO examination as test samples, including both subjective and objective questions that contribute a robust evaluation benchmark for future large language models and offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of such models.
Xiaotian Zhang, Chun-yan Li, Yi Zong et al.· arXiv.org· 216 citations· ⚡17
Empirically, PRISM reduces the end-to-end time for data selection and model tuning to just 30% of conventional pipelines, and achieves this efficiency while simultaneously enhancing performance, surpassing models fine-tuned on the full dataset across eight multimodal and three language understanding benchmarks.
Jinhe Bi, Yifan Wang, Danqi Yan et al.· arXiv.org· 73 citations· ⚡4
The method, ECCOLA, is presented, which aims at making the high-level AI ethics principles more practical, making it possible for developers to more easily implement them in practice.
Ville Vakkuri, Kai-Kristian Kemell, P. Abrahamsson· EUROMICRO Conference on Soft...· 64 citations· ⚡6
This paper designs Markov decision processes (MDPs) for different combinatorial problems and proposes to train conditional GFlowNets to sample from the solution space and demonstrates that GFlowNet policies can efficiently find high-quality solutions.
Dinghuai Zhang, H. Dai, Esmeralda S. Whitammer et al.· Advances in Neural Informati...· 59 citations· ⚡8
An empirical study on the current state of practice in artificial intelligence ethics is conducted by means of a multiple case study of five case companies, which indicates a gap between research and practice in the area.
Ville Vakkuri, Kai-Kristian Kemell, Joni Kultanen et al.· arXiv.org· 56 citations· ⚡6
