Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis decouples arsenic risk from saponin biosynthesis in Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) by reprogramming rhizosphere and root processes.
Jul 2026· Journal of Hazardous Materials· Vol 514, pp.
142971
· 0 citations· 94 references
Medicine
TL;DR
A multiscale mechanism by which AMF reduce As risk in medicinal tissues while sustaining bioactive compound biosynthesis is revealed, providing promising biological strategy for safe production of medicinal plants in As-contaminated soils.
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination poses a serious threat to the safety and medicinal quality of Panax notoginseng, a high-value medicinal herb rich in triterpenoid saponins. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant tolerance to metal(loid) stress, but how AMF coordinate rhizosphere processes with host metabolic regulation to reduce As accumulation while maintaining medicinal quality remains poorly understood. Here, we integrated physiological assays, As partitioning and subcellular fractionation, rhizosphere microbiome profiling, root exudate metabolomics, phytohormone quantification, transcriptomics, proteomics, and partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) to investigate the effects of Entrophospora etunicatum inoculation on P. notoginseng under As stress. AMF colonization alleviated As-induced toxicity by improving plant growth, photosynthetic performance, and antioxidant capacity. Notably, AMF reduced As accumulation in medicinal taproot, while promoting As retention in fibrous roots and immobilization in cell wall-associated fractions. AMF also reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community, enhanced glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) accumulation and soil enzyme activities, and altered root exudate and endogenous hormone profiles. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated coordinated regulation of detoxification, transport, carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolism. In parallel, AMF promoted the accumulation of major notoginseng saponins, suggesting that As detoxification was coupled with preservation of medicinal quality rather than a growth-defense trade-off. PLS-PM supported linkages among AMF colonization, rhizosphere reassembly, As sequestration, host metabolic reprogramming, and saponin accumulation. Overall, our results reveal a multiscale mechanism by which AMF reduce As risk in medicinal tissues while sustaining bioactive compound biosynthesis, providing promising biological strategy for safe production of medicinal plants in As-contaminated soils.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a strategically important plantation commodity whose productivity is significantly influenced by environmental conditions. Abiotic stresses, particularly drought, impede plant growth and substantially reduce yield. As the impacts of climate change intensify and pressure on land resources increases, sustainable approaches to enhance plant resilience are increasingly needed. Among these, this study employs a systematic literature review and comparative analysis of globally published scientific literature (2021–2026) to examine the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of beneficial microorganisms. Specifically, it synthesizes findings on how endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant water and nutrient status, mitigate oxidative stress, and enhance growth and stress tolerance in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) the utilization of beneficial microorganisms such as endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has emerged as a promising strategy. This review aims to summarize and analyze the roles of endophytes and mycorrhizae in improving the tolerance of oil palm to various abiotic stresses, based on globally published scientific literature. The synergistic interaction between endophytes and AMF has been shown to positively affect plant nutrient and water status, reduce oxidative stress, and improve growth from the seedling to the mature plant stage under stress conditions. Despite promising findings across multiple studies, field-scale application still faces several challenges, including the selection of compatible strains, formulation stability of inoculants, and optimization of application techniques at the plantation scale. Future research should focus on strain-specific synergism, large-scale inoculant production, and integrated management strategies to translate laboratory findings into practical solutions for sustainable oil palm cultivation.
Uci Desyanti, M. H. Pratama, Anjelina Laura Bunda Sari et al.· ICEETE Conference Series· 0 citations
Microplastic (MP) contamination in agricultural soils is an emerging anthropogenic threat that disrupts the rhizosphere of horticultural crops. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play an important role in improving nutrient uptake and stress resilience in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), but their symbiotic relationship may be impaired by plastic residues. This literature review aims to synthesize the mechanisms by which microplastics disrupt AMF–tomato symbiosis and their implications for plant growth and productivity. A narrative-systematic literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed, covering publications from 2018–2026. Twenty-five relevant scientific articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The synthesis indicates that microplastics act as physical and chemical stressors in the rhizosphere. Physically, they alter soil porosity and may damage extraradical AMF hyphae, while chemically, released additives can interfere with root–fungus signaling and reduce mycorrhizal colonization. These disruptions may impair arbuscule formation, water and nutrient acquisition, particularly phosphorus and zinc, and consequently reduce plant biomass and productivity. Reduced AMF protection may also increase tomato susceptibility to soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium. Under severe contamination, nanoplastics may potentially enter root vascular tissues and raise concerns regarding food safety. Overall, microplastic pollution can weaken the ecological functions of AMF–tomato symbiosis and threaten sustainable tomato production.
P. Rahmadhani, R. Susanti, Talitha Widiatningrum· JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS· 0 citations
Overall, mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reshaped the chemical composition and the major bioactive compounds of Oregano, thereby enhancing its nutritional and antimicrobial potential.
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