From Early Diagnosis to Individualized Care in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review
TL;DR
Current and emerging diagnostic and management approaches to ASD are examined, indicating that extensive family involvement and coordinated, interdisciplinary care lead to improved long-term outcomes.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests. Increasing prevalence rates underscore the importance of early identification and timely intervention. This review examines current and emerging diagnostic and management approaches to ASD. Standardized diagnostic frameworks, such as the DSM-5 criteria, remain central to clinical assessment. Recent advances in screening tools have enhanced early detection. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, individualized care is necessary. Management strategies commonly integrate behavioral and developmental interventions, educational support, family involvement, and, when appropriate, pharmacological treatment for associated symptoms. Functional outcomes are further improved by strategies, such as executive function training, occupational therapy, technology-assisted therapies, and caregiver-mediated programs. Research indicates that extensive family involvement and coordinated, interdisciplinary care lead to improved long-term outcomes. To maximise functioning, engagement, and quality of life, the existing literature generally supports a comprehensive, flexible, and person-centred approach that takes into account each person's unique needs and strengths.