Jul 2026· International Conference Computing Methodologies and Communication· pp. 2032-2039· 0 citations· 15 references
Abstract
LLMs have become more widespread in many critical areas, which has increased the risk of hallucinations, or instances where generated outputs contain false or misleading information. To address this problem, this paper introduces HalluciNet v3.0+, which is an adaptive multi-LLM hallucination detection framework that employs advanced preprocessing, feature engineering, and classification methods for strong factual verification. In the preprocessing stage, the system begins with normalizing raw LLM-generated outputs; using linguistic parsing through spaCy to break up the LLM outputs into structured claims; and then using Transformer-based tokenization for contextual refinement of the structured claims. For the feature extraction step, the system uses both BERT and BGE embeddings to create dense semantic representations of the structured claims and the context and relationship dependencies between the structured claims and the retrieved evidence. A hybrid feature selection is achieved by combining Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and attention-weight optimization methods, which provides for the selection of the most discriminative features while minimizing dimensionality. A novel ensemble-based classification solution is implemented using DeBERTa-v3 for Natural Language Inference, XGBoost for structured decision learning, and consensus scoring across multiple LLM sources to produce a final predicted output. A two-step RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) module optimizes retrieval and retrieval based on the quality of the retrieved item in a cross-encoder-based framework while preserving the inherent factual quality of the item's contents. This system is designed to be fully scalable and production-ready and is therefore expected to provide trustworthy enhancements to the use of LLM-driven products.
InnerExpert is introduced, the first method to leverage MoE-specific signals for per-token hallucination detection, and shows that InnerExpert outperforms existing methods across five datasets and two MoE architectures.
João Fonseca, Rodrigo Rodrigues, Paolo Romano· 0 citations
Large Language Models frequently generate responses that appear fluent and coherent but may contain factually incorrect information, a phenomenon known as hallucinations. Hallucinations have emerged as a significant barrier to the effective application of Large Language Models. Some studies suggest that hallucinations can be detected by analyzing structural properties of attention maps. However, such methods primarily focus on attention structures and their spectral features, whereas uncertainty, randomness, and other statistical measures can also be leveraged to detect hallucinations. In this work, we propose a method for detecting hallucinations using spectral and statistical features extracted from attention maps. We compute eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix from each attention map to capture spectral features and compute statistical measures for every attention head. The spectral and statistical features are used as a feature vector for hallucination detection. We conducted experiments on the HaluEval dataset across multiple language models, and the results show that jointly modeling structures and uncertainty-aware characteristics leads to more robust hallucination detection.
Rln Lokesh, Chirumamilla Mokshagna, K. Dinesh et al.· International Conference on...· 0 citations
HallDetect, a lightweight, reference-free, and black-box framework for hallucination detection, is presented, a lightweight, reference-free, and black-box framework for hallucination detection that is evaluated not only on summarization but across a broader range of source-grounded generation settings.
Achir Oukelmoun, N. Semmar, Gäel de Chalendar· 0 citations
With the rise in the usage of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems to improve the factual accuracy of the large language models (LLM), there still exists a concern regarding these systems producing hallucinating outputs not grounded in the retrieved documents. Although prior work has studied general hallucination detection, the specific challenge of numerical fabrication remains unquantified. This research study analyzes 500 RAG outputs using GPT-3.5-turbo on MS MARCO queries to address this specific challenge and found that 38.2% of failures involve numerical fabrication. The evaluation consists of four detection methods that span different paradigms: embedding-based (Semantic Similarity), metric-based (BERTScore), LLM-based (GPT-4o-mini), and a number-aware heuristic. The results show that all standard methods struggle with numerical hallucinations, notably GPT-4o-mini achieves only 25.7% recall on numerical failures despite being a state-of-the-art LLM judge. In contrast, the simple number-aware heuristic of this research study achieves a 100% recall on numerical failures with F1=0.616, significantly outperforming all baselines (McNemar's test, p<0.001). These findings highlight numerical fabrication as a critical gap in current hallucination detection approaches and recommend the need for specialized, number-aware methods in RAG systems.
S. Singha Roy· Annual International ACM SIG...· 0 citations
This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of hallucinations in GAI and LLMs, and synthesizes a range of correction and mitigation techniques, from proactive measures during training to hybrid approaches that combine detection and intervention.
M. Naser· Language Resources and Evalu...· 0 citations
UniProbe is introduced, a lightweight, unified, learnable detector that models a frozen LVLM's heterogeneous computational trace from a single forward pass and achieves state-of-the-art token-level and object-hallucination detection.
D. Samuel, Guy Bar-Shalom, Fabrizio Frasca et al.· 0 citations