Aug 2026· IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications· pp. 1-10· 0 citations· 29 references
Abstract
BASE-T1S is a low-cost multidrop Ethernet technology whose shared-medium access is governed by Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA). While attractive for automotive zonal edge networks, PLCA introduces non-trivial bus-access latency whose worst case depends on the interaction of roundrobin arbitration, empty and occupied transmit opportunities, node ordering, burst behavior, and heterogeneous traffic releases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper devoted to a formal worst-case timing analysis of Ethernet 10BASE-T1S at the base PLCA MAC/PHY arbitration layer. Unlike classical algebraic analyses used for protocols such as CAN, FlexRay, or switched Ethernet, we model 10BASE-T1S as a network of timed automata and use Uppaal model checking to compute guaranteed upper bounds on protocol-level packet delays. The method also yields witness traces that explain how pathological worst-case scenarios arise, making it useful for timing debugging and design-space exploration. Our results complement simulation by isolating the contribution of PLCA itself and by exposing valid worst-case schedules that finite simulation runs may miss.
The results demonstrate that, under the synchronized single-rate scenario evaluated in this study, the proposed P-PLCA maintains zero jitter for periodic traffic across all tested background-load conditions and sustains aperiodic traffic throughput even under 80% load.
Recent advancements in the fields of industrial automation and in-vehicle communication have also increased the requirements on their underlying networks. Traditional field bus technologies are being replaced by regular Ethernet devices with features from the IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking working group. Their standard...
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SbDN is presented, a Multi-Agent Source-based architecture that achieves TSN-grade determinism using commodity Ethernet switches and provides two methods: Temporal Network Partitioning (TNP), which provides strict temporal isolation on pure FIFO switches, and Traffic Prioritization (TP), which leverages strict-priority...
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Real-time communication with guaranteed endto-end latencies is crucial for many emerging cyber-physical systems that integrate mobile devices, such as remote-controlled automated guided vehicles (AGVs) on an industrial shop floor. While IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and 3GPP 5G standards provide the foundation f...
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This paper presents a software-defined Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) architecture that implements the IEEE 802.1Qcr Asynchronous Traffic Shaper (ATS) using Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) technology within Linux-based TSN bridges. By moving traffic shaping logic to the kernel level, our solution eliminates the...
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