Revolutionising workplace safety in construction: the impact of IoT-integrated smart wearable systems

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smart wearable system in enhancing workplace safety, compliance and operational efficiency in construction projects, particularly focusing on reducing injuries, improving personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance and optimising emergency response times. A smart wearable system comprising head and hand protection units was implemented at United Builders, Panvel. The system utilised sensors to monitor gas levels, temperature and motion, providing real-time alerts and location tracking. Data were collected over a month (December) to analyse safety compliance, emergency response and worker satisfaction. Comparative analysis was performed using historical data from the past three years. The implementation of the smart wearable system resulted in a reduction in minor injuries, down from an average of five to one during the study period. PPE compliance rates improved significantly, rising to 95%. Emergency response times decreased from an average of 16.33 to 4 min. Project delays due to safety issues were reduced from 17.67% to 5%, and worker satisfaction improved to 85%, indicating enhanced confidence in workplace safety measures. These findings highlight how smart wearable systems can directly tackle long-standing safety challenges in construction by improving real-time monitoring and quick response to hazards. The results also suggest that integrating such technologies enhances worker satisfaction and perceived confidence in workplace safety, as reflected in the survey results, while also reducing costly delays. However, broader adoption will require careful planning, worker training and addressing data privacy concerns. The smart wearable system demonstrated its potential to significantly improve construction safety by leveraging Construction 4.0 technologies. The results suggest that the proposed system can contribute to improved safety monitoring, enhanced compliance and better operational efficiency, particularly in pilot-scale deployments. These results highlight the importance of adopting smart systems for fostering safer, more productive construction environments. This research highlights the potential for integrating such Internet of Things-enabled smart wearable systems into patented safety solutions for the construction industry, thereby bridging the gap between academic innovation and practical, legally protected applications.