For an oriented graph $G$ the oriented chromatic number of $G$, written $\chi_o(G)$, is the least integer $t$ such that $G$ has a homomorphism to a tournament on $t$ vertices. The oriented chromatic number of a simple graph $H$ is the maximum oriented chromatic number over all orientations of $H$. Borodin, Kostochka, Ne{\v{s}}et{\v{r}}il, Raspaud, and Sopena proved in 1999 that for all $\epsilon>0$, graphs with maximum average degree less than $4-\epsilon$ have bounded oriented chromatic number. This is in some sense optimal, because $1$-subdivisions of cliques demonstrate that there exists graphs with maximum average degree strictly less than $4$ and oriented chromatic number $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$. We prove that for every positive integer $d$, every $d$-degenerate graph $G$ with sufficiently large order satisfies $\chi_o(G) \leq 6(1+\frac{9d^2}{4})^{\frac{1}{2}}d 8^{d}\sqrt{n}$. This implies for a fixed $r\geq 4$, the optimal bound for the oriented chromatic number of graphs with maximum average degree less than $r$ is $\Theta(\sqrt{n})$. This complements a bound of Wood, who showed that for all $n$ vertex graphs $\chi_o \leq 2\Delta\sqrt{n-1}$ where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree.
Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta\ge 3$, and let $P(G,k)$ denote its chromatic polynomial. For each positive integer $k$, the list-color function $P_{\ell}(G,k)$ is the minimum number of $L$-colorings of $G$ over all $k$-assignments $L$. In this paper, we prove that $P_{\ell}(G,k)=P(G,k)$ for every...
For a graph $G$, a proper edge coloring of $G$ is called a D-coloring if every diamond subgraph of $G$ is rainbow. Let $\chi'_D(G)$ be the D-chromatic index of $G$, which is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a D-coloring with $k$ colors. Let $\Delta$ be the maximum degree of $G$. The only known Brooks-type...
For a nonempty acyclic oriented graph $H$, let $p(H)$ be the order of a longest directed path and let $\tau(H)$ be the least positive integer $n$ such that $H$ admits a homomorphism to every tournament of order $n$. For all $p\ge3$ and $g\ge1$, we construct a connected acyclic oriented graph $H$ with underlying girth g...
The adjacent vertex distinguishing (AVD)-total chromatic number $\chi''_{a}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $k$ for which $G$ has a proper total coloring $f$ with $k$ colors such that $C_G(u)\neq C_G(v)$ for every edge $uv\in E(G)$, where $C_G(u)=\{f(u)\}\cup\{f(uw):uw\in E(G)\}$. The AVD-total coloring conject...
A. Banerjee, J. Geetha, K. Somasundaram· 0 citations
For a graph $G$, we write $\mathrm{mad}(G)$ for its maximum average degree and $\mathrm{diam} G$ for its diameter. Let $R_k(G)$ be the graph whose vertices are the proper colorings of $G$ with $k$ colors, where two colorings are adjacent when they differ at one vertex. Feghali (JCTB, 2021) proved that, for fixed intege...
Let $\overrightarrow{C}$ be any orientation of the cycle $C_{\ell}$ which is not directed. We prove that, for every integer $\ell\ge3$ and every $\mu>0$, there is a real $\gamma$ such that every sufficiently large oriented graph $D$ with $\ell\mid |D|$, minimum semidegree at least $(1/4+\mu)|D|$ and independence number...
Jia Zhou, Yun-Shu Gao· 1 citation
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