Integrated Management of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Okra: Current Status, Adoption Challenges and Future Perspectives
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is an important vegetable crop cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions, with India contributing the largest share of global production. Among the major arthropod pests affecting okra, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, causes serious economic losses by reducing plant growth, fruit quality, and marketable yield. Effective management of this pest requires an integrated strategy that combines host plant resistance, biological control, cultural practices, judicious use of acaricides, and timely advisory support to farmers. This review critically examines published research on the biology, host range, damage potential, resistance mechanisms, and management approaches for T. urticae in okra. Particular emphasis is placed on integrated pest management (IPM), the role of agricultural extension services, digital advisory systems, and precision agriculture technologies in promoting sustainable mite management. The review also identifies existing research gaps, including the need for standardized resistance-screening methods, economic threshold levels, resistance monitoring, and climate-resilient management strategies. Strengthening collaboration among researchers, extension agencies, and farming communities will be essential for improving the adoption of scientifically validated practices and ensuring sustainable okra production under changing climatic conditions. The findings presented in this review may assist researchers, extension professionals, and policymakers in designing sustainable mite-management programmes suitable for diverse agro-ecological conditions.