This study elucidates the evolutionary conservation and functional diversity of the eggplant GATA family, providing valuable candidate genes for future functional research and stress-tolerant molecular breeding in eggplant.
Abstract
GATA transcription factors represent a conserved family of regulatory proteins that modulate plant growth and stress adaptation. While GATA families have been well characterized in model plants and Solanaceae crops, their evolutionary and functional features remain poorly defined in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Here, we systematically characterized the SmGATA gene family using the latest eggplant V4.1 reference genome and multi-stress transcriptome data. A total of 29 SmGATA genes were identified, with segmental duplication predominantly driving family expansion under strong purifying selection. Cross-species synteny analysis revealed high conservation of GATA homologs within Solanaceae species. Phylogenetic clustering divided SmGATA genes into four subfamilies, whose members exhibited conserved gene structures and motif compositions. Numerous cis-acting elements associated with plant growth, phytohormone signaling, and stress responses were enriched in SmGATA promoters. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated the extensive involvement of SmGATA genes in eggplant organ development. Combined transcriptome screening and qRT-PCR validation identified multiple stress-responsive SmGATA members. Notably, SmGATA5 showed differential expression under high- and low-temperature conditions, and SmGATA17 exhibited the broadest spectrum of responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This study elucidates the evolutionary conservation and functional diversity of the eggplant GATA family, providing valuable candidate genes for future functional research and stress-tolerant molecular breeding in eggplant.
The TIFY gene family comprises plant-specific transcriptional regulators central to jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the economic importance of the banana (Musa spp.), the TIFY family remains largely uncharacterized in this crop. Here, we conducted a genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the MaTIFY gene family in Musa acuminata. A total of 47 MaTIFY genes were identified, distributed across all 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these into four subfamilies (TIFY, ZIZ/ZML, PPD, and JAZ), and conserved motif and domain analyses revealed a core TIFY domain architecture with subfamily-specific structural features. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and cis-acting regulatory element analyses suggested potential involvement in JA-mediated signaling, defense response, and hormone cross-talk. Expression profiling under drought, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc 4), and cold stress revealed distinct transcriptional responses, with MaTIFY5, MaTIFY16, MaTIFY20, MaTIFY26, and MaTIFY30 exhibiting enhanced induction in resistant cultivars compared to their susceptible counterparts. Functional characterization of MaTIFY20 confirmed its significant upregulation under drought stress and its ability to confer enhanced osmotic tolerance when heterologously expressed in yeast. These findings provide novel insights into the evolutionary dynamics and stress-responsive functions of banana TIFY genes and identify candidate targets for molecular breeding to improve abiotic and biotic stress resilience in banana.
Sheraz Ahmad, Huimin Song, Hangbo Cao et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 0 citations
An evolutionary and transcriptional atlas of the wheat TaBSK family is delivered and candidate genes for functional validation and molecular breeding toward salt-tolerant wheat varieties are provided.
Yongtao Zhao, Jun-Sen Wang, Zhong-Zhou Zhang et al.· Current Issues in Molecular...· 0 citations
It is demonstrated that heterologous expression of TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2 and TksPLATZ7 localize to the cell nucleus and act as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively, which enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt and osmotic stress.
Jinxian Chen, Wenhao Wu, Ming-Hua Luo et al.· Phytochemistry· 0 citations
A systematic analysis of the MtPLATZ gene family in M. truncatula is provided, offering a valuable reference for functional studies and genetic improvement of stress tolerance in legumes.
The three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) gene family encodes a group of plant-specific homeodomain transcription factors that play indispensable roles in plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Although TALE genes have been extensively investigated in several plant species, their genome-wide characteristics and potential functions in maize, particularly in response to phosphorus deficiency, remain poorly understood. In the present study, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of the maize TALE gene family were conducted using bioinformatics approaches, followed by an investigation of their transcriptional responses to low-phosphorus (LP) stress. A total of 40 ZmTALE genes (ZmTALE1–ZmTALE40) were identified and phylogenetically classified into four subfamilies: BEL1-like, KNOX I, KNOX II, and KNOX III. Members within the same subfamily exhibited highly conserved gene structures and motif compositions, reflecting their evolutionary conservation. Chromosomal localization and synteny analyses demonstrated that segmental duplication has been the predominant force driving the expansion of the ZmTALE gene family during maize evolution. Promoter analysis revealed that the upstream regulatory regions of ZmTALE genes were enriched in light-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, and abiotic stress-related cis-acting regulatory elements, implying their potential involvement in multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Expression profiling under LP conditions revealed pronounced genotype-dependent transcriptional responses among different maize inbred lines. Notably, ZmTALE1/5/12/14/18/30/31/33/36 were significantly induced by LP stress, whereas ZmTALE10 and ZmTALE37 were markedly repressed. These differentially expressed genes represent promising candidates for further functional investigation of phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in maize. Furthermore, ZmTALE10, ZmTALE14, and ZmTALE31 are nuclear-localized transcriptional activators. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary characteristics and potential biological functions of the maize TALE gene family and offer candidate genes for developing phosphorus-efficient maize cultivars through molecular breeding.
Xianting Huang, Shuang Li, Litao Yi et al.· Plants· 0 citations
SUMOylation is a well-conserved post-translational modification that is essential for modulating plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses. Although the functions of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) genes have been reported in various plant species, systematic studies focusing on the SUMO gene family members in alfalfa remain limited. In this study, we identified 49 MsSUMO genes from the alfalfa genome using bioinformatics approaches, and conducted comprehensive analyses of their phylogenetic relationships, structural features, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns. Most MsSUMO genes were predicted to localize in the nucleus and cytoplasm, consistent with their roles in transcriptional regulation and protein modification. Phylogenetic analysis grouped MsSUMO, soybean and Arabidopsis SUMO genes into seven subfamilies, which exhibited both high homology and species-specific divergence, suggesting functional differentiation during evolution. Conserved motif and domain analyses revealed strong structural consistency among MsSUMO members, with relatively simple gene architectures. In total, 59 types of cis-elements were detected in the promoter regions, playing crucial roles in plant growth, light signaling, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Abscisic acid-responsive elements (ABREs) were the most abundant, implying that this gene family may serve key functions in stress regulation via the abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway. Protein interaction network analysis indicated that MsSUMO members cooperate with core enzymes to modulate downstream stress-responsive targets. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that eight MsSUMO genes exhibited significant expression responses to salt, drought, and waterlogging stresses. Remarkably, six genes consistently exhibited upregulation across all three stress conditions. This observation underscores their potential as pivotal players in abiotic stress tolerance and identifies them as promising candidates for subsequent functional characterization.
Ting Wang, Yupeng Guo, Yi Xu et al.· PeerJ· 0 citations
