Comparative deformation indices of FDM-printed PLA-LW structures across three infill topologies: Secant stiffness, apparent strain, and specific toughness
Most characterisation work on fused deposition modelling-printed lightweight polylactic acid (PLA-LW) focuses on peak load resistance, leaving the pre-fracture deformation regime underexplored. This regime governs stiffness, deformation tolerance, and energy absorption per unit volume, and is decisive for deflection-li...