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Author

C. Tosh

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Sep 2026

Dynamics of cytokines and toll-like receptor gene expression in chickens infected with different doses of H5N8 avian influenza virus.

The first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in India occurred in 2016, initially affecting wild birds and later spreading to domestic and commercial chickens, causing severe morbidity and mortality. To investigate the host immune response, Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chickens were experim...

Boopathi Ponnusamy, Manoj Kumar, H. Murugkar et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of a Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Free-Range Layer Duck in India

The report highlights the genetic and antigenic features of a clade 2.3.4b HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from a free-range layer duck in the Kuttanad delta of Kerala, India, in 2022, suggesting a role for these birds in its introduction.

K. Gaurav, Manoj Kumar, S. Nagarajan et al. · 0 citations

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