Aug 2026· Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology· 0 citations
TL;DR
The report highlights the genetic and antigenic features of a clade 2.3.4b HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from a free-range layer duck in the Kuttanad delta of Kerala, India, in 2022, suggesting a role for these birds in its introduction.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus poses a significant threat to the global poultry sector. The report highlights the genetic and antigenic features of a clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from a free-range layer duck in the Kuttanad delta of Kerala, India, in 2022. The virus is similar to an H5N1 virus detected in Russia in October 2021 and antigenically distinct from clade 2.3.2, showing a 16-fold reduction in hemagglutination inhibition titer and 23.95% amino acid differences at the HA antigenic sites. The duck virus shares genetic similarities with H5N1 viruses found in Eurasian wild birds, suggesting a role for these birds in its introduction. The study underscores the importance of strengthening avian influenza surveillance to monitor virus evolution and spread.
The high‐pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses represent a main threat to animal and human health, poultry productivity, and ecosystems. The newly evolved A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has become a worldwide concern for its expanding multihost ecology, including poultry and a wide range of mammalian species.
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Findings provide evidence for the introduction of EA-2024-DI.2.4.1 into Egypt through migratory wild birds and highlight the importance of continued genomic surveillance at the wild bird domestic poultry interface and antigenic evaluation against vaccines currently used in Egypt.
N. Hagag, Amany Adel, Mostafa R. Zaher et al.· bioRxiv· 0 citations
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus continues to spread globally and sporadically transmits from avian reservoirs to mammalian hosts. In May 2024, H5N1 infections in young goats and alpacas in the United States were reported. Nevertheless, the overall susceptibility of camelids to clad...
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H5Nx goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a significant public health threat due to their global spread, mutation accumulation, and expanding host range. The descendant clade 2.3.4.4b has been causing widespread infections in birds and increasing spillover events in mamm...
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A literature search focusing on reported infections amona humans with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and all reported H5Nx and other zoonotic subtypes was performed, but was expanded to all reported H5Nx and other zoonotic subtypes when clade-specific data were sparse.
P. Velikov, T. Valkov· Acta Medica Bulgarica· 0 citations
Sustained cross-border genomic surveillance and receptor-binding-focused characterization of H5N1 viruses circulating in Lao live bird markets support sustained cross-border genetic connectivity.
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