Ballelic Variants of TTC-Related Genes Cause Asthenoteratozoospermia With Favorable Clinical Outcomes After ICSI.
BACKGROUND Male infertility is a complex, multifactorial disorder that affects ∼7% of men worldwide. Variants in DNAH and CFAP genes are well-established causes of asthenoteratozoospermia, but the contribution of TTC-family genes (TTC12, TTC21A, TTC29) to sperm dysfunction and ICSI outcome remains poorly documented....