Author

E. Azhar

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Open access Aug 2026

Gene-environment interaction between VDR variants and vitamin D deficiency identifies a high-risk inflammatory phenotype associated with COVID-19 severity

Host determinants of inflammatory escalation remain incompletely defined in COVID-19. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling regulates immune activation and cytokine responses, yet the contribution of VDR genetic variation to severe disease is unclear. We investigated two common VDR polymorphisms (rs7975232 and rs15444...

HariOm Singh, Aishwarya Nair, Meenakshi Bhattacharya et al. · Scientific Reports · 0 citations

Review Open access Jul 2026

Durability of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in Saudi Arabia: evidence, gaps, and implications for Hajj and mass-gathering preparedness

The review highlights those circulating antibodies and neutralizing activity decline after vaccination, particularly against antigenically divergent variants, whereas memory B-cell responses and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immunity generally provide more durable protection against severe disease.

Leena E. Azhar, Ahdab A. Alsaieedi, M. Al Eissa et al. · Frontiers in Public Health · 0 citations

Review Open access Aug 2026

Host cell entry receptors as pharmacological targets in respiratory viral infections: from biology to clinical translation

Host receptor targeting is a mechanistically rational but still clinically unproven component of the respiratory antiviral landscape; its value is most plausibly realised in defined niches—prophylaxis, early outpatient treatment, and combination with direct-acting antivirals—and within pandemic preparedness frameworks,...

S. El-Kafrawy, Norah A. Othman, M. Zeyadi et al. · Frontiers in Cellular and In... · 0 citations