Author

Emma Lurie

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#large language models Aug 2026

The Beginning of ChatGPT Ads

The first empirical study of advertising content being rolled out in the user-facing online interfaces of large language models (LLMs) finds that accounts begin receiving ads 14 days after account creation, and that lower-income accounts are more likely to receive ads.

Emma Lurie, Ro Encarnación, Sorelle A. Friedler et al. · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM... · 0 citations

#human-computer interacti... Preprint Sep 2026

Accounting for Stochasticity in Studies of Large Language Model Refusal

Preliminary empirical evidence that single-observation queries are insufficient for evaluations of LLM refusal behaviors is presented, with reliable quantification of refusals required between 15 and 25 repeated queries, well above the single-observation standard common in existing evaluations.

Emma Lurie, Stephanie T. Wang, Sorelle A. Friedler et al. · 0 citations

#human-computer interacti... Aug 2026

What Current AI Benchmarks Leave Unmeasured: Modality, Search, Citations, and Implications (for Safety Evaluations)

It is argued that AI safety evaluations should systematically account for modality, multi-run consistency, search conditions, and response-level behaviors to better reflect how deployed AI systems behave in practice.

Ro Encarnación, Tina Behzad, Emma Lurie et al. · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM... · 0 citations