Open access
Sep 2026
Transient Impedance Fitting-Based Distance Protection for Transmission Lines with Hybrid Renewable Integration
The hybrid operation of grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) renewable energy units can lead to phase-reference inconsistencies and distorted transient impedance trajectories, which in turn cause maloperation or failure-to-operate of conventional distance protection. To address this issue, this paper proposes a...
Zhen-Xing Li, Da-Wei Cui, Jia-Qi Qin et al.
· Energies · 0 citations