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Author

Jeffrey A. Sparks

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Review Sep 2026

Pumping the brakes: immune checkpoints as regulators of immunity and targets of cancer therapy.

An overview of the immunologic mechanisms and clinical features of irAEs is provided, discussing how the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints help maintain immune balance, and how their blockade results in unchecked immune activation.

Musaab Alhezam, Michael T. Lam, Seigo Okada et al. · 0 citations

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