Precision engineering of upstream open reading frames for translational regulation and crop improvement
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are pervasive cis-regulatory elements in the 5′untranslated regions (UTRs) of eukaryotic mRNAs that modulate translation of downstream main open reading frames (mORFs) by shaping ribosome scanning, initiation, and reinitiation. By operating downstream of transcription, uORFs enable...