Marhaen Hardjo

Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Preeclampsia: Molecular Cargo, Pathophysiological Roles, and Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Frontiers

Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2%–8% of pregnancies globally and remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. A central clinical gap is the absence of analytically and clinically validated non‐invasive biomarkers capable of predicting PE before symptom onset. Current clinical tools, including angiogenic mark...