The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Performance of SMEs in Romania: Empirical Evidence on Competitiveness and Organizational Efficiency
Digital transformation has become a strategic determinant of firm performance in competitive and technology-driven business environments. For small and medium-sized enterprises, the adoption of digital tools and digitally enabled processes is essential for improving internal efficiency, strengthening competitiveness, and increasing organizational adaptability. This paper examines the impact of digital transformation on the performance of SMEs in Romania, with particular emphasis on competitiveness and organizational efficiency. The study proposes a quantitative research design based on survey data collected from Romanian SMEs operating in different economic sectors. The analytical framework considers several dimensions of digital transformation, including process digitalization, the use of management software, e-commerce adoption, digital communication with customers, and the integration of digital tools into managerial decision-making. These dimensions are examined in relation to performance indicators such as operational efficiency, responsiveness to market changes, customer relationship quality, decision-making effectiveness, and perceived competitive position. The paper also develops a theoretical framework linking digital transformation with firm performance by drawing on the theory of the firm, transaction cost economics, behavioral economics, innovation theory, and industrial organization. The expected contribution is twofold: first, it clarifies the mechanisms through which digital technologies may improve efficiency and competitiveness; second, it provides a structured empirical model that can be applied to assess digital maturity and performance outcomes among Romanian SMEs. The study is relevant for managers seeking to implement digital strategies and for policy-makers interested in supporting SME digitalization, productivity, and sustainable development.