Sustainability management in renewable energy projects

Green Energy Transition: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Drivers and Implementation

The transition from fossil fuels to sustainable, low-carbon energy systems is a complex economic, technological, institutional, and policy challenge. This study provides a multidisciplinary review of the drivers and implementation conditions shaping the global green energy transition. Using a qualitative analytical design and thematic synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, international policy reports, and institutional data, the analysis is organised around five interrelated dimensions: policy and governance, modelling approaches, technological and financial innovation, implementation barriers, and future strategic priorities. The review indicates that stable regulatory frameworks, coherent governance, renewable energy targets, carbon pricing, stakeholder participation, and public-private cooperation can support deployment. Technological progress in solar photovoltaics, wind energy, battery storage, smart grids, digital systems, artificial intelligence, and green hydrogen is strengthened by financial instruments such as green bonds, climate finance, blended finance, and multilateral investment. However, progress remains constrained by supply-chain disruption, critical-mineral dependence, policy uncertainty, inadequate grid infrastructure, financing limitations, and weak institutional coordination. Energy-system modelling, econometric analysis, scenario planning, and artificial-intelligence-based forecasting improve the assessment of transition pathways and policy choices. The study concludes that successful implementation requires coordinated action across policy, technology, finance, institutions, infrastructure, and workforce development, with strategies adapted to national and regional contexts across sectors and regions.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR A GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

All nations have access to renewable energy sources, but their complete potential has yet to be realized. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that by 2050, 90 percent of the world's electricity could and should be generated from renewable sources. Renewables offer a way out of import dependence, enabling countries to diversify their economies and protect themselves from the unpredictable price fluctuations of fossil fuels while driving inclusive economic growth, the creation of new jobs, and the alleviation of poverty. In India, research, development, demonstration, production, and application of a wide range of renewable energy technologies for use in various sectors have been vigorously pursued over the past twenty-five years. The purpose of this paper is to present the current and historical experience of renewable energy in relation to consumption, investment, and employment opportunities globally, as well as to provide specific information about India. This paper also endeavors to summarize the availability, current status, significant achievements, and future potential of India's renewable energy sources.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL ENERGY AND RESOURCE INSTABILITY

Against the backdrop of global instability in energy and resource markets, ensuring the environmentally balanced development of national economies has become a top priority. For Ukraine, which has overcome the consequences of the armed conflict, remains dependent on fossil fuels, and is integrated into the European energy system, this task is complicated by many factors. The fragmentation of environmental regulations, the obsolescence of industrial infrastructure, and poor coordination among government agencies are hindering the transition to a “green” economic model. The aim of this article is a comprehensive study of the environmental sustainability of Ukraine’s economy in the context of global energy and resource instability. The paper identifies key elements of sustainability–the degree of energy sovereignty, resource consumption intensity, institutional effectiveness, and the level of environmental awareness–along with an analysis of the main obstacles in each area. The study analyzes geopolitical factors destabilizing supply chains and the role of international climate mechanisms (carbon regulation, “green” bonds) in enhancing the economy’s adaptability. Energy transition scenarios for solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy are examined, with a differentiation of potential benefits and limitations. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of circular models in industry, construction, and the agricultural sector, the adaptation of international environmental standards, and the development of environmental monitoring systems. Key actors in the environmental transition–from state regulators to local communities–are systematized. Strategic priorities include the modernization of energy infrastructure, the development of distributed generation from renewable energy sources, tax incentives for resource conservation, and the expansion of recycling capacities. Together, these measures will increase Ukraine’s resilience to external shocks and strengthen its position in the clean technology market.

Analysis of the Impact of Green Financial Facilities on Renewable Energy Consumption: The Role of Institutional, Financial, and Environmental Variables in Selected Countries

This study examines the impact of green financial facilities on renewable energy consumption in selected countries during the period from 2010 to 2024. Using the dynamic panel data method and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation model, the role of institutional, financial, and environmental variables in the development of clean energy has been analyzed. The results indicate that green financial facilities significantly and positively increase renewable energy consumption, thereby facilitating investment in low-carbon projects. In addition, the quality of environmental governance, as a key institutional factor, provides a favorable foundation for attracting green financing and fostering the sustainable development of renewable energy. The findings also reveal that greenhouse gas emissions act as a reactive driver; increasing pollution intensifies efforts to expand clean energy. Industrialization, as a structural variable, also contributes to the growth of renewable energy consumption by creating greater energy demand. This research emphasizes the importance of aligning financial, institutional, and environmental policies and suggests that to accelerate the transition to a green economy, targeted financial support and improved environmental governance should be prioritized by policymakers.

Research on the impact of alternative and renewable energy sources on the country's energy sector and economic-mathematical assessment of their operational effıciency

The article explores the development directions of Azerbaijan’s electric power system, considering the efficient use of alternative energy sources and their impact on the environment. Increasing geopolitical instability, environmental challenges, and growing energy demand are strengthening the importance of energy security and require diversification of generation sources. In this regard, Azerbaijan is gradually adapting its national energy strategy to international trends by expanding the use of renewable energy sources and strengthening regional cooperation. Special attention is given to the strategic initiative aimed at creating the «Green Energy Corridor» Caspian–Black Sea–Europe, designed for the export of environmentally friendly electricity produced based on the wind potential of the Caspian Sea. This project contributes to the country’s integration into the international energy system and diversifies exports by reducing dependence on traditional oil and gas resources. The study analyzes statistical data on electricity generation in the country, including the growth dynamics of solar, wind, and hydropower production. According to estimates, Azerbaijan possesses significant technical potential for renewable energy both onshore and offshore, creating favorable conditions for large-scale green energy projects. The technological principles of wind, solar, and hydroelectric power plants are also discussed using simplified mathematical models describing their operational mechanisms. Additionally, the relationship between industrial production and economic growth is analyzed, confirming the strategic role of renewable energy development in reducing production costs and enhancing economic competitiveness. Overall, the results indicate substantial potential for sustainable development of the national energy system. Keywords: alternative energy sources; environment; electricity generation; renewable energy; hydropower; solar power; wind power.