Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) is a medicinal and culinary plant valued for its rich phytochemical composition and diverse biological activities. This study investigated the phytochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of an ethanolic fenugreek seed extract using chromatographic and biological assays. GC–MS analysis tentatively identified nineteen volatile constituents, with 2-methyl-2-butenal (36.65%) and p-cymene (17.96%) as the major compounds, while HPLC revealed a phenolic-rich extract. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, reaching 85.75 ± 1.73% and 71.79 ± 1.95% scavenging in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, at 1000 µg/mL. MTT evaluation demonstrated preferential cytotoxicity toward HepG2 and Caco-2 cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 124.65 and 164.39 µg/mL, respectively, compared with 480.8 µg/mL for normal WI-38 cells. The extract also showed moderate pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 116.74 µg/mL) compared with orlistat (IC₅₀ = 17.83 µg/mL) and dose-dependently inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the extract’s in vitro antioxidant activity, preferential cytotoxicity toward the tested cancer cell lines, and inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and carbohydrate-digesting enzymes.
N. H. Aljarba, M. Khormi, Hamida Hamdi et al.· BioResources· 0 citations
Background Metritis is a major cause of infertility, contributing to repeat breeding, early embryonic loss, fetal mortality, and abortion. Methods This study investigated alterations in metabolic, hormonal, oxidative, immunological, and molecular markers associated with metritis susceptibility in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). A total of 100 non-lactating multiparous females (87 healthy and 13 metritic) were examined. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate hematobiochemical parameters, inflammatory and antioxidant markers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected immune- and antioxidant-related genes. Results Metritic animals exhibited fever and abnormal uterine discharge. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of CARD9, SIGLEC1, VSIG4, BTRC, SLC2A3, ACOD1, and PFKFB3, alongside downregulation of CPT1A, ATF4, GADD45B, SLC7A11, and PRDX3. Sequencing identified 19 SNPs, with significant differences in genotype distribution between groups, and discriminant analysis achieved complete classification accuracy. Hematological findings included normocytic normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis. Biochemically, metritic camels showed hypoglycemia and decreased levels of estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH, T4, calcium, and antioxidant markers (GSH, CAT, and TAC), while NEFA, BHBA, cortisol, MDA, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL10, and TNFα) were significantly elevated. Conclusion Overall, clinical metritis in dromedary camels was associated with significant hematological, metabolic, hormonal, oxidative, immunological, and genetic alterations. These findings identify a panel of reproductive and molecular biomarkers that may serve as promising candidate biomarkers associated with clinical metritis. However, given the observational nature of the study and the relatively small number of metritic she-camels, these findings should be interpreted with caution and require validation in larger, independent camel populations before their diagnostic, prognostic, or breeding applications can be established.
H. Alqhtani, Ahmed Elsayed, Tahani M. I. Al-Hazani et al.· Frontiers in Veterinary Scie...· 0 citations
