S. Koner

A stable and potent buffalo EF1α1 promoter for robust gene expression in mammalian systems

The first isolation and characterization of the buffalo EF1α1 promoter is reported, demonstrating its strong gene expression activity both in vitro across diverse cultured cell types and in vivo across multiple mouse organs, establishing the bbEF1α1 promoter as a powerful ubiquitous driver of gene expression.