S. Visalakshi

Enhance Network Life Time and Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks via Hybrid Deep Learning Based Clustering Head Selection with Metaheuristics Optimization Algorithm

Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DRGNN–StBOA framework significantly outperforms existing approaches, achieving a network lifetime of 2200 rounds, an average residual energy of 0.8 J, a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 70%, a throughput of 700 kbps, and an end-to-end delay of 99 ms.