Climate change has worsened soil salinity through rising temperatures, sea water intrusion, irregular rainfall patterns, and increased evapotranspiration, making salinity one of the major constraints in soybean cultivation worldwide. Salinity stress inhibits plant growth, disrupts nutrient uptake, reduces photosynthesis, induces oxidative stress, and ultimately decreases crop productivity. In addition, excessive salt accumulation deteriorates soil structure, suppresses beneficial microbial activity, and limits nutrient availability, thereby threatening soil health and sustainable agricultural production. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be utilized as an environmentally friendly alternative approach to enhance plant tolerance to saline conditions while reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and other external inputs. This review examines the extent to which beneficial rhizobacteria improve soybean growth and productivity under salinity stress conditions. The method employed was a systematic literature review combined with bibliometric analysis based on network visualization using VOSviewer. Literature sources were obtained from Scopus covering the period 2020–2026, with article selection conducted using inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 22 relevant articles. The findings indicate that bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense, and several other halotolerant bacteria significantly improve soybean tolerance to salinity stress through phytohormone production, biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, regulation of Na⁺/K⁺ ion balance, osmoprotectant accumulation, exopolysaccharide production, and activation of antioxidant defense systems. Furthermore, PGPR substantially contribute to soil health by improving soil aggregation, enhancing microbial biodiversity, stimulating nutrient cycling, increasing soil enzyme activities, and improving nutrient-use efficiency in saline soils. Quantitatively, PGPR application has been reported to increase soybean growth and productivity by approximately 15–45% under saline conditions while reducing salt-induced physiological damage. These findings highlight the strong potential of PGPR as a sustainable long-term strategy for saline land management to restore soil health, strengthen climate resilience, and enhance soybean productivity.
M. Ikbal, F. Hibatullah, N. N. Kamaluddin et al.· International Journal of Lif...· 0 citations
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) production remains central to global food security, particularly across Asia, where both wetland and upland cultivation systems dominate. These agroecosystems face distinct ecological and agronomic constraints that threaten sustainable intensification. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of key site‐specific challenges: wetland rice systems are adversely affected by flooding, prolonged waterlogging, and increasing soil salinity, while upland rice systems are limited by drought stress, inadequate moisture retention, and suboptimal seed placement. Both wetland and upland cultivation systems share cross‐cutting vulnerabilities, including progressive soil degradation, acute water scarcity, climate variability, and recurrent pest and disease pressures. To address these multifaceted constraints, we highlight emerging agronomic and ecological interventions such as integrated soil and water management, deployment of stress‐resilient cultivars, precision irrigation technologies, and conservation tillage practices. These strategies offer tangible promise in enhancing system resilience and crop productivity under changing environmental conditions. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the global research landscape on rice production challenges and innovations. Our findings underscore a pressing need for coordinated research agendas, inclusive policy reforms, and farmer‐centered innovation platforms to sustainably enhance rice productivity and reinforce regional food security.
Usama Yaseen, A. Nurbaity, Betty Natalie Fitriatin et al.· Agrosystems, Geosciences &am...· 0 citations
Nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria play an important role in improvingnitrogen availability and supplying growth-promoting factors to plants. This study evaluated the potential of endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from various plants growing under saline conditions based on their nitrogenase activity, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and ability to promote rice seedling growth. A bioassay was conductedusing rice seedlings grown in Fahraeusmedium adjusted to a salinity level of 4 dS m⁻¹. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments consisting of an uninoculated control and seven selected endophytic bacterial isolates, with three replications. The measured responses included shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total seedling biomass. Based on the bioassay results, two superior isolates, A1 and A2, were identified. The isolates exhibited nitrogenase activities of 1.223 and 1.780 µmol mL⁻¹ g⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively, and produced IAA at concentrations of 7.819 and 7.794 mg L⁻¹, respectively. They increased root length by 13.66% and 15.44%, respectively, and resulted in numerically higher total seedling dry biomass, with values 51.99% and 34.68% higher than the uninoculated control, respectively. These findings indicate that the selected halotolerant nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterial isolates can promote rice seedling growth under saline conditions and have potentialfor further development as biological fertilizers for rice cultivation on saline soils.
M. Setiawati, F. Pamungkas, P. Suryatmana et al.· International Journal of Lif...· 0 citations