Underwater Configuration and Safe Operating Domain of a Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle–Flexible Hose System Considering Structural and Two-Phase Flow Constraints
Flexible hoses connecting seabed mining vehicles to relay stations must remain suspended, limit vehicle loads, satisfy bending constraints, and maintain stable slurry transport. This study combines a lumped mass hose model, time domain vehicle motion analysis, and sequential structural-to-flow coupling with CFD–DEM to...