This paper proposes the Explicit Belief Multi-Agent System (EB-MAS), which externalizes belief states into a structured substrate, uses belief operators to propose candidate updates, and applies a Cognitive Firewall to bound or reject updates that are weakly evidenced but strongly driven by vulnerability cues.
Zhuo-Yun Li, Boxuan Wang, Jinwei Hu et al.· 0 citations
This work provides the first systematic characterization for the effectiveness of different injection placements, spanning both coarse-grained environmental surfaces and fine-grained positions, and develops learning-based attackers that generate injection content and select better injection placements.
Cheng-Quan Guo, Xiao-Dong Liu, Wei-Wei Yang et al.· 0 citations
In many settings where LLM post-training is desirable, high-quality answers are recognizable but difficult to score with explicit rewards. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is limited to tasks where an explicit correctness signal is available. Prior adversarial approaches to training reasoning LLMs...
Albert Bou, Javier Valdes-Aleman, Jon M. Laurent et al.· 0 citations
Gardening in the backyard implies living there, while checking into an Airbnb more likely means staying for a few days. Such duration judgments are important for understanding human mobility, travel behavior, and social context. However, duration is rarely stated explicitly in social media posts and must instead be inf...
Chenyang Yu, Zhaomin Xiao, Yan Huang et al.· 0 citations
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Discussions of complexity, knowledge and intelligence often overlook the work involved. For example, outputs generated by short programs have low algorithmic complexity but can have high computational depth, the least work needed to produce them from near-shortest programs. Producing them with less work can require lon...
Verifying numerical claims in research written by AI agents is an important but challenging problem. Recent benchmarks show that many agent-written papers fail integrity checks, but such verdicts, often produced by a single LLM judge, identify failure without explaining its nature, and existing checks either test a pap...
Mosab Alfaqeeh, Omar Hourani, Muath Hourani et al.· 0 citations
Language models are increasingly being deployed in regulated settings, where a model must apply given rules to the facts of a situation to determine a verdict. Benchmarking this capability, known as deontic reasoning, remains a costly and manual process, with existing datasets largely hand-crafted. In this paper, we pr...
Sam Kouteili, William Liang, Keeran Murray et al.· 0 citations
This paper introduces Weakening-Induced On-Policy Self-Distillation (WISD), which instead constructs a weaker counterpart of the original model and uses the contrast between the two as a training signal without requiring privileged information.
Autonomous far-range rocket landing is a challenging control problem because navigation, descent-rate regulation, attitude management, and fuel use must be coordinated in the presence of uncertain atmospheric and vehicle dynamics. This paper presents a curriculum-driven proximal policy optimization (PPO) framework for...
Large language models (LLMs) frequently fail at multi-digit arithmetic, but the underlying mechanisms governing these failures remain poorly understood. While recent work demonstrates that addition errors follow a "noisy quantisation" model localised around carry boundaries, whether this framework generalises to multip...
William Bolton, Bezawit Tilaye, Huw Day· 0 citations
Financial assistants answer questions that sound factual but depend on what the user leaves unsaid: what a data figure measures, which product variant is meant, and the investor's situation and the rules that apply. An assistant that ignores these can still answer with a real number from its data, one that answers a di...
Radha Yadav, Prasanna Devadiga, Peeyush Mishra et al.· 0 citations
LLM agents increasingly perform consequential actions through external tools, yet their proposed actions are often executed without independent verification of policy compliance or task completion. We introduce JevAct, a runtime verification framework that intercepts selected agent actions before execution and enables...
Iftach Shoham, Yuval David, Offer Akrabi et al.· 0 citations