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20,463 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Masked Erosion: How Acceptance Gates Lose Redundant Safeguards in Self-Improving Agents

Self-improving LLM agents edit their own harness, the prompts and rules around a fixed model, and keep an edit only if an acceptance gate scores it higher on a batch of tasks. Such a gate sees what the harness does under the current model, not what it would still prevent if one safeguard failed. When safeguards overlap...

Hau-Sing So, Daixian Liu, Weicai Long · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SCOPE: Selective Critical-Step On-Policy Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides coarse supervision for long-horizon LLM agents: failed trajectories may contain correct steps, while successful trajectories can contain errors. Trajectory-level skills can also shift teacher preferences at unrelated steps, introducing off-target distillation signals. We in...

Qi-Rui Liu, Wei Cao, Yu Mi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Compute Has Shape: Self-Morphing the Internal Computation of Frozen LLMs

Test-time scaling improves large language models through additional computation, but how to adapt the topology of internal computation to individual inputs remains underexplored. Existing approaches largely fix recurrent or parallel architectures during training, or reconfigure frozen models along a single structural a...

Junxi Wu, Yiwen Guo, Shu-Tao Xia · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Encode Once, Answer Many: Internalizing Context via Parametric Flow

On document question answering, CLIK substantially improves over the no-context base model and outperforms existing hypernetwork-based generators, while remaining behind a base model that reads the context directly, and it carries over to multi-turn dialogue without any multi-turn-specific training.

Xin-Hao Zhong, Meng-Xuan Wu, Chong-Hua Liao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Investor's Last Exam: Can AI Agents Do Equity Investment Without Seeing the Future?

Financial agents must form forecasts and investment judgments from decision-time evidence, with predictions evaluated against subsequent outcomes. Existing benchmarks assess financial knowledge, research workflows, or forecasting, but evaluating the full research process requires a strictly frozen information set and p...

Huang-Fei Jiang, An-Ning Hu, Kai Sheng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can LLMs Faithfully Solve Ontology Engineering Tasks? A Mechanistic Interpretability Study

Ontological knowledge underpins large language model (LLM) performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing evaluations of LLMs' ontological understanding largely rely on behavioral correctness, leaving the underlying mechanisms unexplained. Existing mechanistic interpretability work has largely focused on i...

Bohui Zhang, Albert Mero\~no-Pe\~nuela, Elena Simperl · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CHORD: Cross-Model Hallucination Detection via Relational Graph Discrimination

Hallucination detection is critical for deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications. Due to strong empirical performance, internal representation-based methods have emerged as the prevailing direction for detecting hallucinations, yet they remain largely model-specific and often fail to generalize...

Yongxin Deng (University of Technology Sydney), Zhen Fang (University of Technology Sydney), Guansong Pang (Singapore Management University) et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Game-Theoretic Foundations for Undiscounted Bisimulation Metrics

Bisimulation metrics offer a principled notion of task-relevant state similarity in reinforcement learning, but existing constructions and methods are largely confined to discounted MDPs, where contraction arguments ensure well-defined fixed points and downstream guarantees. We develop a unified foundation for bisimula...

Matthew Zurek, Yudong Chen, Josiah P. Hanna · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Inner-Learning: From Hand-Coded Beliefs to Declarative Knowledge in Trick-Taking Games

We present a declarative approach to belief-state modeling in trick-taking card games. Starting from a state-of-the-art Skat player, we automatically extract its hand-coded inference rules into a domain-specific language built on the primitive $\neg\mathsf{holds}(P,C)$, denoting that player $P$ cannot hold any card in...

Stefan Edelkamp · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Verification-Guided Retrosynthesis: Reaction Feedback and Evidence Timing

Retrosynthesis planning seeks synthesis routes from purchasable starting materials to a target molecule. Search over predicted reactions can connect a target to available materials, yet an infeasible reaction can invalidate the resulting route. Evaluating route quality only after search has finished cannot correct erro...

Hongxuan Shi, Hankz Hankui Zhuo · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FACTS-MAS: A Multi-Agent Architecture for Adaptive Forecasting from Heterogeneous Evidence

Real-world forecasting often requires integrating heterogeneous evidence whose predictive value varies across horizons, operating regimes, and domains. We introduce FACTS-MAS, a domain-agnostic multi-agent forecasting framework that decomposes evidence into specialized channels for temporal dynamics, exogenous context,...

Madumita Karthikeyan, Umang Rajnikant Bid, Rong Pan · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rubricon: Automated Rubric Generation and Refinement for LLM Evaluation and Training

Rubrics enable reward assignment on tasks without verifiable answers, but are expensive to manually produce from scratch. We present Rubricon, a pipeline that generates discriminative rubrics without requiring human preference labels, rubric annotation, or generator-model training. Using any LLM, Rubricon samples multi...

Ulyana Tkachenko, Hui Wen Goh, Guram Gogia et al. · 0 citations

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Hugging Face Blog Nov 10, 2026

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