Self-improving LLM agents edit their own harness, the prompts and rules around a fixed model, and keep an edit only if an acceptance gate scores it higher on a batch of tasks. Such a gate sees what the harness does under the current model, not what it would still prevent if one safeguard failed. When safeguards overlap...
Hau-Sing So, Daixian Liu, Weicai Long· 0 citations
Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides coarse supervision for long-horizon LLM agents: failed trajectories may contain correct steps, while successful trajectories can contain errors. Trajectory-level skills can also shift teacher preferences at unrelated steps, introducing off-target distillation signals. We in...
Test-time scaling improves large language models through additional computation, but how to adapt the topology of internal computation to individual inputs remains underexplored. Existing approaches largely fix recurrent or parallel architectures during training, or reconfigure frozen models along a single structural a...
On document question answering, CLIK substantially improves over the no-context base model and outperforms existing hypernetwork-based generators, while remaining behind a base model that reads the context directly, and it carries over to multi-turn dialogue without any multi-turn-specific training.
Xin-Hao Zhong, Meng-Xuan Wu, Chong-Hua Liao et al.· 0 citations
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Financial agents must form forecasts and investment judgments from decision-time evidence, with predictions evaluated against subsequent outcomes. Existing benchmarks assess financial knowledge, research workflows, or forecasting, but evaluating the full research process requires a strictly frozen information set and p...
Huang-Fei Jiang, An-Ning Hu, Kai Sheng et al.· 0 citations
Ontological knowledge underpins large language model (LLM) performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing evaluations of LLMs' ontological understanding largely rely on behavioral correctness, leaving the underlying mechanisms unexplained. Existing mechanistic interpretability work has largely focused on i...
Bohui Zhang, Albert Mero\~no-Pe\~nuela, Elena Simperl· 0 citations
Hallucination detection is critical for deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications. Due to strong empirical performance, internal representation-based methods have emerged as the prevailing direction for detecting hallucinations, yet they remain largely model-specific and often fail to generalize...
Yongxin Deng (University of Technology Sydney), Zhen Fang (University of Technology Sydney), Guansong Pang (Singapore Management University) et al.· 0 citations
Bisimulation metrics offer a principled notion of task-relevant state similarity in reinforcement learning, but existing constructions and methods are largely confined to discounted MDPs, where contraction arguments ensure well-defined fixed points and downstream guarantees. We develop a unified foundation for bisimula...
Matthew Zurek, Yudong Chen, Josiah P. Hanna· 0 citations
We present a declarative approach to belief-state modeling in trick-taking card games. Starting from a state-of-the-art Skat player, we automatically extract its hand-coded inference rules into a domain-specific language built on the primitive $\neg\mathsf{holds}(P,C)$, denoting that player $P$ cannot hold any card in...
Retrosynthesis planning seeks synthesis routes from purchasable starting materials to a target molecule. Search over predicted reactions can connect a target to available materials, yet an infeasible reaction can invalidate the resulting route. Evaluating route quality only after search has finished cannot correct erro...
Real-world forecasting often requires integrating heterogeneous evidence whose predictive value varies across horizons, operating regimes, and domains. We introduce FACTS-MAS, a domain-agnostic multi-agent forecasting framework that decomposes evidence into specialized channels for temporal dynamics, exogenous context,...
Madumita Karthikeyan, Umang Rajnikant Bid, Rong Pan· 0 citations
Rubrics enable reward assignment on tasks without verifiable answers, but are expensive to manually produce from scratch. We present Rubricon, a pipeline that generates discriminative rubrics without requiring human preference labels, rubric annotation, or generator-model training. Using any LLM, Rubricon samples multi...