Large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful content while generating a response. A useful safeguard should not only detect this risk during generation but also intervene while leaving safe responses largely unchanged and provide an auditable record of the internal patterns supporting its decisions. We propose TRAC...
Ankur Garg, Xuemin Yu, Hassan Sajjad et al.· 0 citations
Current fMRI encoding models frame prediction as deterministic regression, yet identical stimuli evoke a distribution of neural responses (arising from physiological noise, hemodynamic variability, and cognitive fluctuations) that a single point estimate cannot capture. This work introduces MultiFlow, a generative fMRI...
Bui Van Hung, Hoang-Son Vo, Mai Duc Minh Huy et al.· 0 citations
Enabling the reuse and composition of knowledge and capabilities distributed across foundation models is an important step toward building scalable artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, architectural differences and incompatible representations make it difficult to transfer and integrate these capabilities thr...
Jingtong Dou, Chuancheng Shi, Wenhua Wu et al.· 0 citations
Large language models (LLMs) offer a new approach to wearable-sensor-based human activity recognition. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) further introduces similar motion examples and discriminative sensor knowledge, enabling decisions grounded in observations relevant to the current query. More evidence, however, d...
Xiangqing Lu, Tao Zhu, Mingxing Nie et al.· 0 citations
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LLMs increasingly support sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) by linking motion signals with activity semantics and physical knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) grounds decisions in sensor examples and domain features, enabling training-free target-user inference with less dependence on raw numeri...
Xiang-Qing Lu, Tao Zhu, Liang Yu et al.· 0 citations
Low-bit quantization reduces the cost of serving reasoning models but can substantially degrade long chains of thought. Each step reads cached keys and values spanning thousands of tokens, allowing quantization errors to accumulate along the trajectory. Standard calibration operates on short segments that omit the earl...
Chi Ruan, Yujie Chen, Zixiang Zhao et al.· 0 citations
Most benchmarks for large language models in medicine are built from licensing examinations and theoretical questions. The few that draw on real clinical data do so only in part, and rarely require a model to read a patient's own imaging. ClinEdge addresses this gap with 32 real, de-identified patient cases from active...
Despite remarkable progress in language understanding and generation, decoder language models continue to exhibit striking failures on numerical data. Numerical examples are typically serialized as text by concatenating feature names with their values (e.g., fat:3.4), while conventional task adaptation applies loss onl...
Weimin Lyu, Jing-Feng Zhang, Ling-Dao Sha et al.· 0 citations
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models, particularly large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used in educational settings for tasks such as item generation, automated scoring, and feedback delivery. The quality of these outputs depends not only on the AI model but also on how users construct the promp...
Jia-Wei Xiong, Cheng Tang, Hong Jiao et al.· 0 citations
Words are increasingly becoming an interface for action: large language models (LLMs) can now invoke tools, operate devices, and make decisions that affect the physical world. However, current benchmarks largely evaluate LLMs through static text responses, offline tool calls, or simulated tasks, leaving open the questi...
Xin-Nan Dai, Kai-Qi Yang, Ya-Xing Li et al.· 0 citations
Unified vision-language models (VLMs) perform both text-to-image (T2I) and image-to-text (I2T) generation with one shared Transformer backbone, yet how the backbone processes the condition in either direction remains poorly understood. We study this question from the perspective of conditional guidance: we probe every...
Zheng-Yang Luo, Xiao-Yu Qiu, Zhi-Heng Tan et al.· 0 citations
AI agents can evolve by using environment feedback to revise their harnesses, the software managing model inputs, tool use, memory, and execution, while keeping foundation models frozen. Existing studies focus on single agents, leaving joint harness evolution in multi-agent systems (MAS) underexplored. A single global...
Zhaoyuan Qiu, Sachith Seneviratne, Yu Xia et al.· 0 citations