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data science

3,686 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Variance-Aware Fine-Grained Gap-Dependent Bounds for Online Reinforcement Learning

We study model-free online reinforcement learning (RL) for episodic tabular Markov decision processes, focusing on both gap-dependent regret and policy switching cost. While fine-grained gap-dependent analysis has been established for model-free RL algorithms using Hoeffding-type exploration bonuses, such results for m...

Haochen Zhang, Lingzhou Xue, Zhong Zheng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Exact Fast Batch Simulation for Tabular Reinforcement Learning

Simulation is a fundamental computational primitive in reinforcement learning (RL), yet conventional simulation explicitly generates individual trajectories even when downstream procedures use only aggregate statistics. To address this, we develop an exact fast-simulation framework for finite-horizon tabular Markov dec...

Haochen Zhang, Lingzhou Xue, Zhong Zheng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Hypergraph Representation Learning with Hyperlink Random Effects

A general framework for hypergraph representation learning using hyperlink random effects while exploiting the low-rank structure in hypergraphs, which accommodates latent heterogeneity in hyperlink formation while preserving entity interaction patterns is developed.

Zi-Meng Li, Shi-Hao Wu, Gong-Jun Xu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Gradient-Free Sampling from Generative Models via Stochastic Bounded Extremum Seeking

We introduce a sampling approach for energy- and score-based generative models that requires no gradient evaluations of the model. Replacing the drift term that would normally contain the score $\nabla_\mathbf{x} \log p_\theta(\bf{x})$ with a high-frequency dithered cosine of the model's \textit{value}, $\sqrt{\alpha\o...

A. Scheinker · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Gaussian Flow Dynamics: Simulation-Free Neural SDE Learning Beyond One-Time Marginals

Simulation-free training of latent Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) relies on a variational posterior process whose one-time marginals are tractable, typically Gaussian. Such marginals, however, do not determine the underlying dynamics: many processes share the same marginals while differing in their temporal s...

G. Bartosh, C. Naesseth · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Local Fisher Information Enables Sparse Causal Discovery

Fisher Information Completion Search is introduced, a source-first algorithm for additive noise models that uses one local Fisher score for both ordering and parent selection and it is proved that a node's local Fisher information equals the noise Fisher information exactly when the conditioning set contains all parent...

Byeongguk Kang, Dong-He-On Lee, Euijong Song et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mitigating Over-squashing without Rewiring: A Sheaf Effective Resistance Perspective

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often struggle to capture long-range dependencies due to over-squashing -- a phenomenon in which the repeated compression of node embeddings into finite-size messages causes representations to collapse. Over-squashing is most often diagnosed as a property of the graph topology, with effecti...

Andr\'e Ribeiro, Germano Barcelos, Amauri H. Souza et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adaptive Partitioning Schemes for Optimistic Optimization

Applications such as engineering design often require us to optimize a black-box function, i.e., a system whose inner processing is not analytically known and whose gradients are not available. Practitioners often have a fixed budget for the number of function evaluations and the performance of an optimization algorith...

Raja Sunkara, Ardhendu Tripathy · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Latent Score-Based Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao Bound Estimation for High-Dimensional Imaging Systems

We propose a data-driven framework for estimating the Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) in high-dimensional imaging systems with complex, analytically intractable priors. Direct CRB computation is challenging in this setting due to the need to model the prior score and to form and invert the Bayesian Fisher information...

Evan Scope Crafts, Thomas Wynn, Seonyeong Park et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Probability flow ODEs in score-based and reflected diffusion models

Probability-flow ordinary differential equations (PF-ODEs) are widely used as deterministic samplers for score-based diffusion models. Their usual justification is that the Fokker--Planck equation of a diffusion can be rewritten as a continuity equation driven by the score function of the forward diffusion. This identi...

R. Cont · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Targeted Active Learning for Preference-Based Treatment Effects on Multivariate Outcomes

Treatment efficacy is traditionally demonstrated on the basis of a single primary outcome. However, clinical decision-making usually requires consideration of multiple outcomes, balancing expected benefits against potential risks. The relative value assigned to these outcomes varies substantially from one patient to an...

Lola Giordani, Mathieu Even, Chloé Geoffroy et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Shapley-based Structural Analysis of Neural Calibration for Stochastic Volatility Models

Neural network-based approaches have emerged as efficient alternatives to traditional optimization-based procedures for the calibration of stochastic volatility models. However, existing work has focused primarily on predictive accuracy, with comparatively little attention devoted to understanding the structure of the...

Shaïn Afzali, S. Della Corte, A. Papapantoleon · 0 citations

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