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data science

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#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Structure-aware Bayesian full waveform inversion via diffusion-regularized Stein variational gradient descent

Numerical experiments demonstrate that the diffusion-regularized ASVGD-FWI produces more geologically consistent mean models, suppresses nonphysical artifacts, and yields uncertainty estimates that are more concentrated around structurally complex and poorly constrained regions.

Chao Li, Mrinal K. Sen, Sergey Fomel et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Student Copula Markov Networks

This paper extends the applicability of probabilistic graphical models to non Gaussian data. It establishes a characterization of the pairwise Markov property in undirected probabilistic graphical models in terms of copula densities. Building on this characterization, we derive a necessary condition for the pairwise Ma...

Salha Mamane, Cheikh Tidiane Seck · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Neural Supervised Clustering for Learning Individualized Treatment Rules with Many Treatments

Learning an individualized treatment rule (ITR) with many treatments requires estimating treatment-specific effects from limited observations per arm. Treatments with similar conditional responses can share information, but linear contrast models may miss nonlinear heterogeneity. We propose nonlinear supervised cluster...

Da-Xin Huang, Yi-Xin Yuan, Yi-Fan Dai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Conformalized Physics-Informed Weak Regression for Parameter Estimation in Epidemic Models

Compartment models of infectious diseases are often linear in coefficients that are physical parameters or products or ratios of them. We exploit this with closed-form least squares and equip the estimates with distribution-free uncertainty. Physics-informed regression (PIR) fits the parameters to finite-difference der...

Allan Peter Engsig-Karup · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Discrete Diffusion Models are Minimax Optimal Under Sparsity

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a leading alternative to autoregressive models for generating text and other categorical data, yet their theoretical foundations remain less developed than those of their continuous counterparts. For continuous diffusion models, a prominent line of theory suggests that these mo...

Luca Blunda, Tyler Farghly, Umut Simsekli et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Limits of Statistical Assurance for Embodied and Agentic AI under Adaptive Adversaries

Finite safety assessments cannot exclude an adversary that preserves unattacked behavior until certification and activates afterward. We characterize this limitation for embodied and tool-use AI. An adversary that matches the complete observation law until observable, irrevocable certification and retains intervention...

Inderjeet Singh · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Semi-Amortized Bayesian Inference with Reusable Local Posteriors

A semi-amortized method is introduced that divides parameters into smaller blocks, and uses conditional independence to identify the information needed to infer each block, and trains neural estimators for blocks whose posterior updates are computationally expensive or frequently repeated.

Niek Stevenson, Paul-Christian Burkner, Andrew Heathcote et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Wong--Zakai Convergence and FNO Learning for Stochastic Volterra Equations

This paper studies Wong--Zakai convergence and Fourier neural operator learning for stochastic Volterra integral equations (SVIEs) describing random systems with memory. A Wong--Zakai theorem establishes convergence of pathwise solutions driven by piecewise linear approximations of Brownian motion to the corresponding...

Wonjae Lee, Jiuk Jang, Hyungbin Park · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Delay Complexity Dimension: Learning with Delayed and Censored Labels

We study PAC learning of binary classifiers when labels arrive after random delays and are censored beyond an observation window $W$. How many samples does this observation model require? We propose a distribution-dependent answer, the Delay Complexity Dimension (DCD). The DCD combines the VC dimension with the exact l...

Madhava Gaikwad · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Bayesian Causal Forests for Zero-Inflated Continuous Outcomes

This paper proposes Zero-Inflated Continuous Bayesian Causal Forests with Duan's Smearing (ZIC-BCF-Smear), a decoupled two-part nonparametric estimator that fits a Probit BCF on the full sample to model participation and a Gaussian BCF strictly on the active subpopulation to model positive intensity.

H. G. Souto, E. Wang, Igor Shuryak · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Tracking a Small Set of Experts in Online Convex Optimization

For the fundamental problem of prediction from expert advice, Freund asked whether one could compete with a comparator that switches $k$ times among only $m$ experts. For a discrete set of experts, this problem was resolved by Bousquet and Warmuth (2020), who gave an efficient algorithm with optimal regret matching the...

Angelos Assos, Anand Brahmbhatt, Elad Hazan · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Does Momentum Help in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards?

Momentum is a classical tool for accelerating convex optimization and a standard component of modern large language model training. Yet recent empirical work has questioned the usefulness of first-moment momentum in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). We study this question through a bandit formulati...

Kaifei Wang, Zikang Shan, Liwei Wang et al. · 0 citations

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GPT-Lab Nov 3, 2026

Sovereignty Is the Option to Leave

Is your company’s AI sovereign? A practical guide for CIOs on AI vendor lock-in, EU Data Act switching, cloud sovereignty, and testing your exit plan before you need it. The post Sovereignty Is the Option to Leave appeared first on GPT-Lab.

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