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data science

3,683 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Variance Fingerprints: Component-Wise Identification of Content Factors by Augmentation Design

Augmentation-based self-supervised learning can recover the content shared across views without separating its underlying factors into individual coordinates. We ask whether augmentations can be designed to make those factors identifiable. Our approach allows content factors to fluctuate across augmented views while pr...

D. Hudson Smith · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Non-Gaussian SEMs with Conditional Risk, and Why the Direction of Recursion Matters

Variance-based methods recover a Gaussian linear structural equation model (SEM) with equal or suitably constrained error variances, either by recursively identifying the source nodes with smallest conditional variance (top-down method) or sink nodes with highest conditional variance (bottom-up method). We show that th...

Ujas Shah, Panagiota Birmpa, Rebecca Morrison · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

PRIME: Frequency-Aware Unified Pruning and Merging for MoE Compression

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as an effective paradigm for scaling large language models, yet their massive parameter footprint poses severe memory challenges for deployment. Existing compression methods typically treat expert pruning and merging as disjoint operations and rely on greedy heuristics, ofte...

Shan-Feng Huang, Rong-Qian Zhang, Zhou Fang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Hoeffding Concept Bottleneck Models with Applications to Overhead Images

Explainability of deep learning algorithms is critical for computer-vision applications with high-stakes decisions. Concept bottleneck models (CBM) have recently shown promising performance to provide explainable and accurate predictions for classification problems, based on a bottleneck of high-level concepts. Existin...

Cl\'ement B\'enard, Manon Arfib, Christophe Labreuche et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Do Uncertainty Estimators Align with Hallucination Occurrence in LLMs?

Large language models (LLMs) can hallucinate, but do model uncertainty estimators reliably reveal when they do? Although uncertainty estimators are increasingly used to identify unreliable generations, their relationship with hallucination remains poorly understood and is often taken for granted. We systematically eval...

Yedidia Agnimo, Anna Korba, Annabelle Blangero et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Training data attribution in diffusion models via mirrored unlearning and noise-consistent skew

Training data attribution (TDA) should enable generative model interpretability and foster a variety of related downstream tasks. Nonetheless, current TDA approaches lack reliability and robustness, preventing their adoption in real-world setups. In this paper, we take a decisive step towards more reliable and robust T...

Joan Serr\`a, Dipam Goswami, Fabio Morreale et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

$\alpha$-TCAV: A Unified Framework for Testing with Concept Activation Vectors

Concept Activation Vectors (CAV) and the Testing with CAVs (TCAV) method are fundamental tools for concept-based explainability in deep learning, yet their practical utility is limited by the variability across different samples of concept and non-concept examples. We analyze this stochastic nature of CAVs, and identif...

Ekkehard Schnoor, Jawher Said, Malik Tiomoko et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Shortest Paths with Generative Flow Networks

In this paper, we present a novel learning framework for finding shortest paths in graphs utilizing Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets). First, we examine theoretical properties of GFlowNets in non-acyclic environments in relation to shortest paths. We prove that, if the total flow is minimized, forward and backward p...

Nikita Morozov, Ian Maksimov, Daniil Tiapkin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DCD: Decomposition-based Causal Discovery from Autocorrelated and Non-Stationary Temporal Data

Multivariate time series in domains such as finance, climate science, and healthcare often exhibit long-term trends, seasonal patterns, and short-term fluctuations, complicating causal inference under non-stationarity and autocorrelation. Existing causal discovery methods typically operate on raw observations, making t...

Muhammad Hasan Ferdous, Ian Stockwell, Md Osman Gani · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Measuring all the noises of LLM Evals

Applying well-established statistical methods effectively to LLM evals requires consideration of model correlations and prediction noises. Leading evals often ignore data noise, have low statistical power, or make unnecessary trade-offs. We define and measure three types of noise: 1) prediction noise from generating di...

Sida I. Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Batch Bayesian Active Learning with Partial Batch Label Sampling

Over the past couple of decades, many active learning acquisition functions have been proposed, leaving practitioners with an unclear choice of which to use. Bayesian active learning offers principled objectives with explainable intuition, including Expected Error Reduction (EER), Expected Predictive Information Gain (...

Kangping Hu, Stephen Mussmann · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Langevin Thompson Sampling from A Stochastic Approximation Perspective

Langevin-based Thompson Sampling (TS) methods for multi-armed bandits use likelihood gradients to approximate posterior samples when exact sampling is intractable. As new rewards arrive, the posterior changes, and these methods run an inner Markov chain to approximate the updated target. To simplify this repeated sampl...

Weixin Wang, Haoyang Zheng, Guang Lin et al. · 0 citations

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GPT-Lab Nov 3, 2026

Sovereignty Is the Option to Leave

Is your company’s AI sovereign? A practical guide for CIOs on AI vendor lock-in, EU Data Act switching, cloud sovereignty, and testing your exit plan before you need it. The post Sovereignty Is the Option to Leave appeared first on GPT-Lab.

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