This paper considers the setting in which local Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models are fitted independently on distributed datasets and must be combined into a single global MoE model. Weighted averaging the local mixtures, whose experts are not aligned across machines, often yields a large mixture with many experts inste...
Language model reasoning traces are rarely all-or-nothing; they frequently contain valid intermediate steps before a critical error occurs. Existing uncertainty quantification methods typically certify final answers or entire responses, failing to provide statistical guarantees for the proportion of a sequential trace...
Matt Y. Cheung, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Hanjie Chen et al.· 0 citations
We develop a rate-transfer method that converts finite-time Lyapunov estimates for an associated stochastic differential equation (SDE) into finite-time convergence bounds for stochastic gradient algorithms. Under generic moment and smoothness conditions, the convergence analysis of the stochastic gradient method reduc...
Randomly initialised neural networks of width $m$ converge to Gaussian processes as $m \to \infty$, with two types of quantitative bounds characterising this convergence. Finite-sample bounds compare the network with its Gaussian limit at a fixed finite sample set, on an arbitrary domain, in the quadratic Wasserstein d...
Luis Wiederhold, Nil Ayday, Debarghya Ghoshdastidar· 0 citations
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Gaussian process bandits exploit similarities among configurations to optimize prompts, retrieval systems, and agent workflows. In these applications, however, inexpensive model-based evaluations can disagree with trusted task outcomes. We study selective verification when an action is chosen before a diagnostic is obs...
Continuous monitoring of generative AI systems requires detecting distribution shifts in the unstructured data they ingest and generate. Existing monitoring methods typically control false alarms by requiring the discrepancy measure used to detect shifts to be *pre-specified*. However, for unstructured data, pre-specif...
Siyu Zhou, Jia-Lin Ouyang, Fan Xia et al.· 1 citation
We revisit the statistical mechanics of Transformer attention via modern Hopfield models. We present a free-energy formalism to characterize parameter regimes and critical thresholds for robust attention inference. The resulting free-energy landscape incorporates randomness in query states and attention weights. Attent...
Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu, Yu-An Chen, Maojiang Su et al.· 0 citations
Evaluating model uncertainty on real-world data is challenging because each instance provides only a single observed label, leaving true conditional class probabilities unknown. To address this, we introduce ProbabilityBench, a benchmark that provides exact, instance-level class probabilities across three simulated tex...
Yu-Yang Dai, Yu-Ting Tang, Futoshi Futami et al.· 0 citations
A deception detector is only as useful as the trust its alarms deserve. Like a polygraph, detectors that read a language model's internal activations can catch deceptive responses that look honest. Yet current detectors depend on which layers they read, weaken on broader tests, and do not state how certain their alarms...
The average-reward setting for reinforcement learning is challenging because its Bellman operator is known to contract in span only when the underlying Markov chain is mixing. Whereas existing work typically assumes a contraction property, e.g., through environment mixing, we consider the setting where we are given a r...
Julien Roger, Sam Bodmer, Jian Qian et al.· 0 citations
Modern data pipelines increasingly combine human-created and human-curated data with AI-generated data for model training and evaluation. As datasets grow, they often add semantically redundant samples rather than expanding semantic coverage, which deteriorates the quality of the whole dataset. Existing diversity metri...
Yang Ba, Michelle V. Mancenido, Rong Pan· 0 citations
Looped transformers reuse one shared block across many recurrent steps, so depth becomes a quantity that can be spent at runtime rather than a stack of distinct layers. Those extra steps help only if a write made on one recurrent step is still readable on later ones, and that depends on the linear map applied to the re...
Alexey Zemtsov, Albina Klepach, Vadim Lomshakov et al.· 0 citations
Is your company’s AI sovereign? A practical guide for CIOs on AI vendor lock-in, EU Data Act switching, cloud sovereignty, and testing your exit plan before you need it. The post Sovereignty Is the Option to Leave appeared first on GPT-Lab.