diffusion models

Comparative Leaching Behavior and Radiological Assessment of Igneous and Sedimentary Ore-Derived Phosphogypsum from Five Major European Deposits

Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG), a major by-product of phosphate fertilizer production, is an underutilized secondary source of rare-earth elements (REEs) and naturally occurring radioactive materials. This study presents a comparative assessment of REE leaching behavior and radionuclide partitioning in PG from major Europ...

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF A CLOTRIMAZOLELOADED ETHOSOMAL GEL FOR ENHANCED TRANSDERMAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

Background: Fungal infections represent a substantial global health burden, affecting nearly one billion people worldwide. Clotrimazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has been a cornerstone of topical therapy; however, its clinical utility is significantly constrained by poor dermal bioavailability and inadequate...

SG-AMDM: a semantic-guided adaptive mask diffusion model for catenary component defect detection in electrified railways

In electrified railways, health condition monitoring and measurement of Catenary Support Components (CSCs) are essential for safe operation. However, existing methods rely on category-specific templates or sufficient labelled defect samples. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel unsupervised detecti...

Techno-Economic Assessment of Treatment Methods to Remediate PFAS Contamination in Leachate of Closed Landfills in Rural Minnesota

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent contaminants detected in groundwater at closed municipal landfills in rural Minnesota, where legacy waste continues to release PFASs decades after closure. In this setting, contaminated groundwater used for irrigation creates a direct pathway for PFAS transfer...

West Nile virus reaction–diffusion dynamics on higher-order directed network

West Nile virus (WNv) has a unique mosquito–bird–mosquito diffusion cycle, so the common compartment model cannot describe its complex spatial spread process. This study generalizes a reaction–diffusion system on continuous space to a complex directed network with a nonlinear diffusion function. By incorporating the Lo...

Hyperspectral wafer surface classification based on a diffusion-model-enhanced incremental learning architecture

Abstract Accurate wafer surface classification is essential for semiconductor process control, but its practical application is limited by the small number of labeled hyperspectral samples and the continuous emergence of previously unseen surface classes. To address these challenges, this study proposes a diffusion-mod...

Jev-Routed Temporal Granularity with Recovery and Hysteresis for Causal Video Generation

Overview Causal video generators produce a rollout one temporal chunk at a time, which invites a simple efficiency idea: spend fine per-frame computation only where a segment is hard, and use cheaper coarse chunks, or even reuse, elsewhere. Realizing this idea requires three preconditions that are usually assumed rathe...

Glucose transport as a design constraint in white-zone meniscus tissue engineering: a reaction-diffusion framework

The adult knee meniscus has a strong vascular gradient: the peripheral red zone is vascularized, whereas the inner white zone is largely avascular and has limited intrinsic healing potential after injury. Although biologic augmentation and scaffold-based strategies are being explored to improve meniscal repair, it rema...

Geological CO2 storage and methane recovery in heterogeneous coal seams: Fractal descriptors for parameter upscaling

CO 2 -enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO 2 -ECBM) combines geological CO 2 storage with methane recovery as part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) system. CO 2 injection alters coal pore–fracture systems. Evaluating reservoir responses requires further parameterization of the structural information obtained fr...

Hyperbranched Polymer-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for Ciprofloxacin and Telmisartan Removal: Molecular Insights

Abstract The persistent occurrence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water bodies poses a significant threat to human health and aquatic life, which necessitates the advancement of efficient and sustainable removal methods. Herein, a thiol-amine hyperbranched polymer functionalized reduced graphene oxide composite (ATT-H...

D3Seg: Dependency-Aware Diffusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities

Artificial Intelligence in Teacher Professional Development for Instructional Leadership Capacity

This chapter examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in teacher professional development (PD) within a rapidly evolving global education landscape. It begins by situating AI as a catalyst for shifting from traditional, episodic training models to continuous, data-driven learning ecosystems. Dra...