STREAM-BSG maintains an incremental buyer-supplier graph in a streaming state store and computes a 49-dimensional feature vector online - 15 node, 18 edge, 14 subgraph, and 2 current-row change-detection features - before classification with XGBoost. It targets business-to-business payment fraud rather than the business-to-consumer card fraud most academic work addresses, and formalizes five fraud topologies documented in industry practice: vendor injection, invoice cycling, payment-term manipulation, shell-supplier rings, and wire redirection. This repository holds the companion code, figures, datasets, and full reproduction pipeline for the paper.
Abhishek Sharma· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
The 2026 Formula One regulations introduce two coupled changes that matter for lap time: movable wings that let the car choose a low drag mode on the straights and a high downforce mode in the corners, and a larger 350~kW electric motor whose deployable power is reduced by a speed dependent rampdown. The two are coupled because choosing low drag raises speed and pushes the car into the band where its own electric deploy is taken away. This paper develops a reusable minimum lap time optimal control tool that schedules the aerodynamic mode and the electric deploy and harvest together, and anchors the result to real 2026 data. Three vehicle models of increasing fidelity are used: a point mass, a dynamic model that resolves load transfer onto four individual tyres, and a transient single track model that carries the yaw rate and the body sideslip as states so that corner entry rotation is computed rather than assumed. The racing line is not prescribed; it is derived as a free state across the true width of each track, bounded by the real track limits rather than the painted edge. The problem is solved by direct collocation in curvilinear coordinates using CasADi and IPOPT, with the numerical error held below 0.1 percent. Rather than tuning grip so the lap matches the pole, the car is calibrated to its demonstrated capability: drag from the real top speed, grip from the real corner speed, power fixed at the regulation values. The calibrated model matches real 2026 qualifying poles to within 0.17 percent. The optimal lap sits within a few percent of the pole but several seconds under median race pace, the value of the electric system is strongly circuit dependent because of the rampdown, and the quasi steady assumption is found to be optimistic by two to nine percent.
Ashray· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
The 2026 Formula One regulations introduce two coupled changes that matter for lap time: movable wings that let the car choose a low drag mode on the straights and a high downforce mode in the corners, and a larger 350~kW electric motor whose deployable power is reduced by a speed dependent rampdown. The two are coupled because choosing low drag raises speed and pushes the car into the band where its own electric deploy is taken away. This paper develops a reusable minimum lap time optimal control tool that schedules the aerodynamic mode and the electric deploy and harvest together, and anchors the result to real 2026 data. Three vehicle models of increasing fidelity are used: a point mass, a dynamic model that resolves load transfer onto four individual tyres, and a transient single track model that carries the yaw rate and the body sideslip as states so that corner entry rotation is computed rather than assumed. The racing line is not prescribed; it is derived as a free state across the true width of each track, bounded by the real track limits rather than the painted edge. The problem is solved by direct collocation in curvilinear coordinates using CasADi and IPOPT, with the numerical error held below 0.1 percent. Rather than tuning grip so the lap matches the pole, the car is calibrated to its demonstrated capability: drag from the real top speed, grip from the real corner speed, power fixed at the regulation values. The calibrated model matches real 2026 qualifying poles to within 0.17 percent. The optimal lap sits within a few percent of the pole but several seconds under median race pace, the value of the electric system is strongly circuit dependent because of the rampdown, and the quasi steady assumption is found to be optimistic by two to nine percent.
Ashray· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
FINDING: Selmer group ranks in quadratic twist families of elliptic curves are governed by symplectic root system symmetries, with mod-2 torsion modules exhibiting congruence structures tied to Weyl group actions. | MATH: 2-Selmer rank parity in quadratic twists \(E^{(d)}: dy^2 = x^3 + ax + b\) — the parity conjecture links \(\mathrm{rank}_2 \mathrm{Sel}(E^{(d)}) \equiv \mathrm{ord}_{s=1} L(E^{(d)},s) \pmod{2}\). Symplectic type of mod-\(p\) torsion: \(E[p] \cong \mathbb{F}_p^2\) with Weil pairing \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle: E[p] \times E[p] \to \mu_p\), giving a symplectic structure on the Selmer group. Graph-theoretic algorithm for \(E_b: y^2 = x^3 + bx\) over \(\mathbb{Q}(i)\): \(\varphi\)-Selmer group computed via weighted graph \(G_b\) with vertices = odd Gaussian primes \(p \equiv 1 \pmod{4}\), edge weights = Legendre symbols \(\left(\frac{b}{p}\right)\). | CONNECTION: The symplectic group \(\mathrm{Sp}_{2g}(\mathbb{F}_2)\) acting on 2-Selmer groups has root system \(C_g\) (sy Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
Andrew Stewart Caldin· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
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This research paper establishes a limit-free, finite-dimensional algebraic framework for discrete spacetime geometry and quantum kinematics in (3+1) dimensions. Operating over the finite Galois field F_p (with prime characteristic p > 5 and p = 3 mod 4) and its quadratic extension F_p[delta] (isomorphic to the field of order p^2), the paper bridges Universal Hyperbolic Geometry (UHG) in projective 3-space P^3(F_p) with finite-state indefinite-Hermitian dynamics. The framework serves as the foundational master paper for an integrated finitist theory of spacetime and fundamental interactions, supplying the algebraic substrate for companion models of U(1) electromagnetism, SU(2) x SU(3) non-abelian gauge fields, and emergent gravitational dynamics. Key Mathematical Results and Contributions Witt-Index Incompatibility and 4x4 Clifford Engine:The paper proves via finite-field quadratic form classification that the (3+1)D Lorentzian form on 4D vector space has elliptic (minus) Witt type over F_p when p = 3 mod 4. This establishes a structural obstruction precluding linear quadratic-form isometries into 2x2 real matrix determinant spaces (which are split/hyperbolic). The paper resolves this obstruction by constructing an explicit minimal 4x4 Clifford algebra over F_p. Bivector edge anchors satisfy an exact quadratic polynomial identity, generating rational Cayley spinor transports whose induced adjoint action on vector space is proven algebraically to be special orthogonal (SO(3,1) transformations). The Parity-Quadrume Character Theorem:For every non-degenerate projective tetrahedron in P^3(F_p), the paper proves the exact finite-field theorem:chi_p(V) = -epsilon,where V is the Projective Quadrume (the normalized 4x4 Gram determinant), chi_p is the Legendre quadratic character, and epsilon is a Z_2 parity grading computed from the product of the vertex quadratic norms. This identity algebraically locks the geometric orientation and volume opening of the tetrahedron to the metric discriminant of the Lorentzian signature (-1). Finite-State Indefinite-Hermitian (Krein-Type) Dynamics:The state space is spanned by Cyclic Oriented Polygonal Splines (COPS) of non-degenerate tetrahedra modulo dihedral D_4 loop symmetries. Using a parity-preserving mutation graph, the paper defines an effective Hamiltonian with a reference-configuration potential that measures deviations from standard orthonormal cells. The resulting rational Cayley evolution operator satisfies exact Galois-Hermitian unitarity (U_dag U = I), Krein-type isometry (U_dag G U = G), and exact parity-sector decoupling. Exact Finite Path Expansion:The paper derives an exact finite matrix-product expansion for transition amplitudes, expressing discrete time evolution as an algebraic sum over mutation paths without invoking continuous path integrals. Conjectural Finitist-to-Continuum Program:The paper rigorously separates proved finite-field theorems from open continuum questions, laying out a structured six-step research program to investigate how discrete quadrume dynamics, additive character partition sums, and simplicial refinement limits may connect to higher-derivative Regge calculus and classical General Relativity (G_uv + Lambda g_uv = 0). Computational Verification and Reproducibility All algebraic identities, point-count distributions, Clifford matrix relations, Cayley unitarities, and path expansions are fully verified symbolically and numerically in Python (SymPy) over F_7 and F_7[delta] (field order 49). Complete automated verification scripts, state-space generators, and raw dataset tables are included and openly accessible in the accompanying software-and-data archive (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21998225).
Johnb D. Coady· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
This paper explores the potential of topological information-driven quantum computing, a novel approach leveraging the inherent structure of topological quantum systems to enhance computational efficiency. We introduce a new quantum algorithm designed to optimize quantum computations by strategically utilizing the relationships between nodes and edges within a topological framework. The core claim centers on the transformative impact of topological structure as the foundational element of a quantum computer, enabling a significant improvement in computational performance compared to classical approaches. We detail the methodology, explain the underlying principles, and present preliminary results demonstrating the efficacy of this technique.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
A self-contained browser-based laboratory activity built around a hydrostatic transmission. A prime mover drives a fixed-displacement pump, the pump drives a fixed-displacement hydraulic motor through a hose, and an eddy-current brake absorbs the motor's output. Both machines are carried on trunnions with a torque arm resting on a load cell at a measured radius, so the power crossing into the fluid and the power crossing back out of it are separately weighed and the efficiency of the hydraulic link is measured rather than inferred. Energy is followed through four conversions — electrical to mechanical in the prime mover, mechanical to hydraulic in the pump, hydraulic back to mechanical in the motor, and mechanical to heat in the brake — with the loss and its mechanism named at every stage. The activity is organised around the two statements the whole of fluid power rests on: that the load sets the pressure, because a motor can only make torque by developing pressure across itself, and that the valve sets the speed, because whatever flow reaches the motor must be swallowed one displacement at a time. Most students expect a valve to be the pressure control, and the brake sweep settles that in minutes. In the simulation nothing is assumed. Viscosity follows the Walther relation fitted to the stated ISO grade; leakage in both machines is laminar and therefore viscosity dependent; the bypass valve is a sharp-edged orifice that seals on its seat; the relief valve cracks at its setting and passes more the further it is pushed above it; motor speed is solved from the flow balance, distinguishing a motor starved of flow from one stalled against the relief; and the prime mover carries a torque curve and a droop governor. Because leakage rises and viscous drag falls as the oil warms, the volumetric and mechanical efficiencies move against each other and their product passes through a maximum, which is the argument for fixing oil temperature in a test standard. The motor is instrumented twice over. A torque arm on its casing gives the torque the shaft actually delivers; a pressure gauge on each side of it, with the nameplate displacement, gives the torque the pressure accounts for. The two disagree by the mechanical efficiency, and comparing them lets students quantify the error introduced by the cheap, portable, industry-standard method that has to take that efficiency from a catalogue. On the reference data supplied, the catalogue figure is accurate to a fraction of a per cent at peak power and wrong by twenty-two per cent at light load. The torque arms can be switched off in the simulation, at which point the reported torque becomes an assumption with nothing on the rig able to check it. A needle valve downstream of the motor demonstrates separately that a restriction anywhere in the line loads the pump and not the motor, raising every pressure in the circuit while reducing the difference the motor converts into torque. All three interactive tools switch between SI and US customary units. The conversion is treated as a teaching point rather than a convenience: the constant in the displacement-torque relation changes from 20 pi to 2 pi between the systems because psi times cubic inches is already pound inches, and the 231, 1714 and 63025 that appear throughout American fluid power practice are shown to be unit conversions in disguise. Everything is stored and computed in SI so that no rounding accumulates from switching, and the test suite verifies that all dimensionless results are identical in both systems. The package includes a printable student handout typeset as an article, an instructor answer sheet that recomputes every result, curve, energy chain and model answer from the bench measurements entered rather than storing them, and a grading tool that audits a group's reported values against per-feature tolerances and computes every answer twice, once from the bench master readings and once from what the group wrote down, so that measurement error and arithmetic error can be graded apart. Every file is self-contained: no CDN, no build step, no server, no network access. A headless suite of 253 checks verifies the physics identities, the viscosity model, the flow balance across every combination of the two controls, the valve models, the governor, and both instructor tools.
A. Bulent Koc· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Abstract Objective: Alanine has been used frequently as a reference dosimeter in clinical dosimetry. However, its high LET dependence poses a challenge for practical applications. Determination of the required beam quality correction factors requires Monte Carlo simulations. This makes the application of alanine infeasible if dedicated Monte Carlo tools or computing resources are not available. This work sets out to determine generalized alanine correction factors in clinical 12 C beams. Approach: Mathematical expressions were established to parametrize dosimetric correction factors. Spectral fluences in 429 MeV/u mono energetic and a range modulated 278 MeV/u 12 C beams were simulated at multiple depths along the central beam axis using GATE/Geant4. Beam quality correction factors were determined under Spencer-Attix conditions in water and in alanine-paraffin pellets. Main results: Analytical expressions for the water-to-medium stopping-power ratios and the beam quality correction factor were obtained. The analytical expressions represent correction factors that are well within the confidence interval, except at the Bragg peak and the distal edge of the SOBP.These points were found to be unsuitable for measurement using alanine standard dosimeters due to the high perturbation factors. Significance: The results allow alanine dosimetry to be performed for mono-energetic and range-modulated beams without prior Monte Carlo simulations. This greatly reduces the effort associated with practical alanine dosimetry.
Pascal Saße, Jessica Stolzenberg, Kilian‐Simon Baumann et al.· Physics in Medicine and Biol...· 0 citations
"Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CRPA) are widely used for reception of GNSS signals and for rejecting interference by steering nulls in their directions. A simplified system model of a ground based CRPA is considered with seven isotropic antenna elements. Six antenna elements are placed at the six corners of an imaginary hexagon, and one antenna element is placed at its centre. The centre frequency is considered to be 1.575 GHz. The edges of the hexagon as well as the distance of every vertex of the hexagon from the centre are half wavelength long corresponding to the centre frequency. Since isotropic antenna elements are considered, the pattern for any set of excitations is the same for z>= 0 as well as for z<=0. Since ground based CRPA is considered, interference is expected only for directions above z = 0. For a set of elevation and azimuth angle combinations (elevation angle varying from 2 degrees to 90 degrees and azimuth angle varying from 2 degrees to 90 degrees), optimal antenna element excitations are computed using nature inspired evolutionary optimization algorithm to obtain the nearly best null in that direction. Since the distance between any pair of antenna elements is greater than or equal to half wavelength, the mutual impedance effects are considered negligible. Two datasets are provided. One dataset contains the Cartesian coordinate positions of the antenna elements. The second dataset contains the antenna element excitations (amplitude and phase excitations for each of the seven elements) so that a null can be obtained for a given direction (specified by a combination of elevation and azimuth angles). Only one interfering signal is assumed."
AbstractAiming at the industrial and theoretical bottlenecks in the post-Moore era, including limited iteration of traditional discrete computing power, high complexity of large-number operations, low efficiency of cryptographic analysis, and lack of primitive support for mathematical deduction, this paper constructs a fully independent and original topological primitive computing system based on the original PDSM-NT vortex number theory system, with a three-dimensional compact Ricci-flat CY₃ manifold as the geometric substrate. This paper firstly proves that the Creation Axis serves as the unique fixed primitive benchmark for high-dimensional topological fields, number theory distribution rhythms, and symmetric group evolution; prime distribution, zeta function zero-point arrangement, and modular symmetric constraints are all low-dimensional projective representations constrained by the topology of the Creation Axis. Relying on five core mechanisms including Creation Axis symmetric conservation, Z₁₂₀ modular periodic regularization, eight-ridge topological constraint, vortex annihilation bijective correspondence, and critical topological band global collapse, this study breaks the underlying paradigm of traditional discrete computing that relies on discrete iteration, brute-force traversal, and hardware stacking, and establishes a new top-down topological regulation operation logic. The research results show that Creation Axis topological computing achieves order-of-magnitude breakthroughs in large-number factorization, rapid prime deduction, precise zero-point solving on the complex plane, and supercomputing energy consumption optimization, thoroughly eliminating the inherent defects of traditional discrete computing such as high redundancy, high energy consumption, and difficulties in decrypting ultra-large-number encryption. This research not only improves the primitive theoretical system of topological number theory, but also provides a novel underlying theoretical and engineering implementation path for domestically independent and controllable new computing power, high-end information security, quantum computing optimization, and cutting-edge mathematical simulation.
xiaogang shui· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Esiste un punto d'incontro perfetto in cui la successione di Fibonacci annulla l'attrito dei decimali, trasformando l'area bidimensionale del passato nel rapporto lineare del futuro (Shift-2). Questo saggio dimostra matematicamente il Principio Olografico e isola sperimentalmente il "punto di rottura" fisico dello standard IEEE 754 alla 20ª iterazione massiva: il confine esatto dove la pura geometria computazionale si scontra con i limiti fisici dei moderni processori al silicio. ABSTRACT (ITALIANO) Questo studio presenta un'indagine formale geometrico-computazionale sull'invarianza di scala di strutture bidimensionali sottoposte a progressione geometrica esponenziale. Attraverso lo studio sistematico del rapporto dinamico tra l'Area di un rettangolo e la Somma dei suoi lati contigui (R = Area/Somma), l'algoritmo sviluppato identifica un punto latente di risonanza armonica attivato esclusivamente dalle sequenze di Fibonacci. I risultati estendono i propri confini applicativi a tre domini fondamentali: 1. **Fisica dei Buchi Neri:** La relazione Shift-2 (Area_n = Rapporto_n+2) quantifica matematicamente lo sfasamento olografico, offrendo un modello puro per descrivere come l'entropia e l'informazione interna di un volume quantistico possano essere archiviate interamente sul proprio orizzonte degli eventi perimetrale. 2. **Computazione Quantistica e Chip 3D:** L'eliminazione totale del rumore decimale in presenza di crescita esponenziale offre un paradigma matematico esente da errori di arrotondamento floating-point, ottimizzando la conduttività termica nei microchip microscopici tridimensionali. 3. **Limiti Hardware Silicio:** L'opera documenta i limiti fisici delle CPU riscontrati alla ventesima iterazione massiva, isolando una deviazione decimale microscopica (.0156) derivante dall'esaurimento dei registri di memoria dello standard IEEE 754. --- ### ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) This paper presents a formal computational and geometric investigation into the scale invariance of 2D structures under geometric progression. By analyzing the dynamic ratio between a rectangle's area and the sum of its contiguous sides (R = Area/Sum) via an iterative simulation loop, we identify a latent harmonic resonance point triggered exclusively by Fibonacci sequences. The mathematical framework offers critical insights into three cutting-edge domains: 1. **Black Hole Physics:** The Shift-2 relation provides a pure algebraic model for the Holographic Principle, describing how the internal entropy of a quantum volume maps directly to its boundary event horizon. 2. **Quantum Computing Architectures:** The absolute collapse of micro-decimal noise allows for the design of fault-tolerant geometric microchips, optimizing thermal dissipation without floating-point registry overhead. 3. **Silicon Hardware Boundaries:** We document the exact binary breaking point at the 20th massive iteration, isolating a predictable micro-decimal error (.0156) stemming from IEEE 754 floating-point standard limits in modern CPUs.
Mario Cera· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
This repository contains the software and reproducibility materials associated with the study “Factorized Coordinated Double Deep Q-Learning for Multi-User Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing.” The proposed Factorized Coordinated Double Deep Q-Network (FC-DDQN) separates the binary local/offloading decision from the discrete MEC CPU-resource decision using independently parameterized value networks. A lightweight MEC-side coordinator ranks simultaneous offloading proposals according to their learned Q-value advantage and converts them into a resource-feasible joint allocation. Coordination is applied during training and evaluation so that the actions stored in replay memory correspond to those executed in the MEC environment. The repository includes the MEC simulation environment, the FC-DDQN implementation, conventional DQN and DDQN components, coordination and ablation scripts, experimental configurations, the original summary results from ten independent FC-DDQN training runs, validation-selected checkpoints, and the final publication figures. Under the nominal configuration, FC-DDQN achieves a mean normalized constraint-aware system objective of approximately 0.02005 across ten independent training runs, with zero mean MEC overload. The repository also documents the validation and held-out test seeds used in the experiments. The final Figures 4–8 are preserved as used in the revised manuscript and are not automatically regenerated by this repository. Some original trajectory-level outputs for conventional baselines and intermediate ablation configurations were not retained and are therefore not represented as available raw data.
Youssef Oukissou, Moulay Amzil, Mohamed Amine Meddaoui et al.· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
What if pathology foundation models could do more with less? GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash cut computational demands while maintaining strong performance, opening the door to larger studies and broader exploration. The post GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash: Toward population-scale discovery with efficient pathology foundation models appeared first on Microsoft Research.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 31, 2026
With millions of users across the world, Julia has been used to conduct cutting-edge research and to design new drugs, jet engines, heat pumps, and more.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 27, 2026
A new machine-learning framework aims to improve the success rate of computational protein design while moving away from results that reproduce sequences found in nature.
