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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

How Much Do You Trust A Dog? Quantifying Hint-Following in Reasoning Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophancy, altering their answers to align with user suggestions even on objective factual and reasoning tasks. Yet the quantitative form of this influence--- and whether it is calibrated to source reliability--- remains poorly understood. In this work, we investigate this be...

An-Xin Guo, Chirag Pabbaraju, Sara Ahmadian et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Fooling LLM Safety Guards into Judging the Wrong Text

Safety guards check content before an LLM application acts on it, and most paste that content into a plain-text prompt. Content that imitates the prompt can append a second task, and the guard answers that one instead. We call this target rebinding. Our explanation is that the guard grades the last complete task in its...

Utkarsh Kanwat · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi modal perceived conversation success prediction for spontaneous autistic and non-autistic dyadic interactions

Conversation success is important for communication, social bonds, and well-being and is often reduced in autistic-neurotypical conversations. Previous studies have predicted perceived conversation success using acoustic and lexical features in pediatric autism-enriched samples, or using nonverbal behavior in non-autis...

Thanushi Withanage, Desi Jones, Noah Sasson et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Principled Nonlinear Concept Erasure and Steering

Learned representations often encode sensitive attributes, such as gender or race, that may be undesirable or unsafe to retain. Concept erasure aims to remove this information while preserving task-relevant content. Existing methods remain incomplete: linear methods provide guarantees only against linear probes, while...

Idan Simai, Shauli Ravfogel, Uri Shaham · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Accordion: Elastic-Depth Inference via Fixed-Prefix Layer Looping

Large language models serve applications with diverse inference budgets, but training and maintaining separate models for each budget incurs substantial costs. Recent Looped Transformers enable flexible inference computation through parameter reuse, but maintaining strong performance across different inference budgets...

Yudong Zhang, Wei Ding, Kaili Zheng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Putting Transformer Theories to the Test

Several formal theories have been developed to characterize the capabilities and limitations of the transformer architecture, each employing different abstractions that capture different features of the architecture. Due to the differences in their underlying assumptions and conceptual frameworks, these theories can di...

Awni Altabaa, Tobias Schnabel, Kiran Tomlinson · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agreement rather than normalisation keeps depth reusable in looped language models

Looped language models apply one block of layers repeatedly, and the design pays off only if depth is reusable: loop steps beyond the trained budget must remain usable at inference. We ask whether that rests on normalising the state between loop steps, as the released Ouro models do, or on agreement between the loop a...

Ivan Viakhirev, Kirill Borodin, Maxim Abramov et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rewriting Scaling Laws for Synthetic Data with Compute and Data Constraints

Synthetic rewrites, where a language model rewrites a natural document e.g. into a target style, are now a standard ingredient of pretraining corpora. However, critical aspects of their use remain poorly understood, such as how much compute should be spent rewriting training data and whether a model trained on rewrites...

Nicholas Roberts, Ahmed Ahmed, Suhas Kotha et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Aligning Large Language Models with Human Feedback: Mathematical Foundations and Algorithm Design

This article provides an introduction to the mathematical foundations and algorithmic frameworks used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intentions, preferences, and values. We discuss standard alignment techniques, such as fine-tuning (SFT), reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), and direct p...

Siliang Zeng, Luca Viano, Chenliang Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SANE: Automated Scorer-Specific Metamorphic Testing for LLM Judges

LLM judges increasingly mediate benchmark evaluation, model selection, data curation, and training. Their decisions are useful only when each judge responds reliably to changes affecting its scoring criterion. Existing methods for reliability testing perturb inputs with known expected effects on judge scores. Prominent...

Ethan Ludwick, Yu-Chung Hsiao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Do I Know What to Say Next? Barenholtz's Autogenerative Theory as an Enrichment of Harrisean Integrationism

Roy Harris's Integrationist linguistics offers a compelling critique of the referentialist tradition embedded deep at the heart of computational approaches to language, arguing that language is not a code that maps onto a pre-given world but a situated, bipartite activity oriented toward prospective joint action. Yet I...

J. Mark Bishop, Stephen J. Cowley · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Continuous Audio Thinking for Large Audio Language Models

Large audio language models (LALMs) have shown impressive capabilities on diverse audio understanding tasks, ranging from speech transcription to music analysis. However, because LALMs are typically trained to produce text-aligned responses, their hidden states are progressively shaped for text generation rather than f...

Gyojin Han, Dong-Jae Lee, Changho Choi et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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