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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cost-Aware Abstention for LLM-Based IT Ticket Classification

Wrong automatic routing of an IT support ticket can cost more than human triage. We evaluate cost-aware abstention as an offline, cost-conditional readiness assessment: select a routing policy on calibration data under explicit costs, then evaluate that frozen policy once on held-out test data. On a public 47,837-ticke...

Sachin Gupta · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Diffusion Language Models for Perplexity-Aware Black-Box Attacks

\emph{Continuous-space} attacks find prompts that trigger malicious behaviors, such as overthinking, in black-box LLMs by sampling or optimizing over a low-dimensional Gaussian latent space and decoding it to text through a \emph{random mapping} and nearest-token lookup. Because the random mapping is not learned from l...

Ali Al-Lawati, Elsayed Eshra, Dongwon Lee et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Token Prediction and Alternative Tokenization Improve Learning Latent Multi-Hop Graph Search at Scale

Given an unseen graph, a start node, $s$, and an end node, $t$, can a language model generate the shortest path from $s$ to $t$? Prior work has found that models fail to learn this task as the graphs scale. We show that this failure has two causes: the supervision signal and the tokenization. First, we theoretically es...

Arvid Frydenlund, FuTe Wong, Katherine Lambert et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

SQuAT: Spherical Lattice Vector Quantization-Aware Training

Vector quantization (VQ), in particular lattice-based methods, offer strong rate-distortion trade-offs for low-bit large language models (LLMs), yet their behavior under quantization-aware training (VQ-QAT) remains poorly understood. We scale lattice VQ-QAT to billion-parameter LLMs and multi-billion-token training reg...

Sebastian Loeschcke, Ivan Koryakovskiy, T. V. D. van der Ouderaa et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Inherited, Not Invented: Tracing the Provenance of Wait in Reasoning Models

Reinforcement learning (RL) is credited with teaching reasoning models to write {wait} before reconsidering a step, yet large RL accuracy gains do not require the word. This view can confuse what RL discovers with what a model inherits from its training data. We trace the word through open models'training histories, re...

Zhi-Zhuo Kou, Si-Zai Hou, Long Chen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

One Teacher, Many Views: Reducing Reference Sensitivity in On-Policy Self-Distillation

On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) improves reasoning by training a model on its own trajectories with dense token-level supervision from a privileged copy conditioned on a reference solution. Existing methods typically use a single teacher distribution conditioned on the complete reference. We identify a limitation of...

Khouloud Saadi, Di Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking SAE Evaluation: An Atomic Interpretable Unit Framework Reveals Hidden Polysemanticity and Redundancy

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) were originally motivated by discovering monosemantic features, a property that characterizes individual features but does not specify what the learned feature set should look like as a whole. As SAEs have increasingly been adopted for attribution, circuit discovery, and intervention, researc...

Riteng Zhang, Xiaoqian Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Probing and Steering for Safety-Relevant Behaviours in Large Language Models

Activation probes are computed directions in a language model's residual stream, used both to detect safety-relevant behaviours and, by adding their direction back into the stream, to steer them, which power an interactive interface through which a user can score and steer text directly.

Nimun Bajwa, Massimo Poesio · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

RefCraft: Benchmarking Visual-Reference-Conditioned Agentic Generation through Web Development

Beyond basic tool use and coding skills, effectively incorporating visual references into agentic generation is equally essential for applying AI agents to real-world productivity tasks. We study this crucial capability through webpage development, a practical and readily evaluable setting in which existing benchmarks...

Yu-Chi Wang, Rongyao Fang, Wei-Hao Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

WeAct: Dynamic Weight Switching as Agent Actions

Long-horizon agents must learn heterogeneous capabilities from interleaved trajectories. Updating shared parameters to learn new capabilities can degrade previously acquired ones, resulting in catastrophic forgetting. As a trajectory unfolds, different stages may require different capabilities, yet conventional joint t...

Rui Shi, Xunjian Yin, Jiacheng Sang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Stable Signer V3: 4D Deformable Primitive Splatting Is All You Need for Sign Language Production

We present Stable Signer V3, an interactive high-resolution sign language avatar system built on 4D Deformable Primitive Splatting. It addresses three limitations of existing avatars: restricted facial expression, inaccurate identity-specific body deformation, and loss of fine appearance details. Shared Face Primitive...

Sen Fang, Li-Wei Che, D. Metaxas · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Muse Glimmer 30B: An On-Device Agentic Model

We introduce Muse Glimmer, an open-source 30B parameter causal language model with perception encoder, purpose-built for autonomous agentic tasks on consumer hardware. Muse Glimmer integrates multi-step reasoning, reliable tool use and failure recovery into a single model that runs locally on consumer devices without r...

Arash Ebrahim Abtahizadeh, Muna Aghamelu, Adil Ahmed et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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