Skip to content

Category

natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Many Biases, One Circuit: Post-Training Tunes a Pretrained Cue-Routing Mechanism

Language models often abandon a correct answer when the prompt contains a cue, a hint toward a wrong option such as "I think the answer is B." Sycophancy and related biases show this failure. They are often studied separately and blamed on alignment. We test this view causally, tracing the attention heads behind these...

Prakhar Gupta, Terry Jingchen Zhang, Zhijing Jin · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Where's the Indirect Evidence? Investigating Grammatical Generalization with Influence Functions

Language models generalize beyond their training corpus to learn linguistic phenomena (Patil et al., 2024; Misra and Mahowald, 2024), showing that there exists indirect evidence driving learning. Prior work has inferred that indirect evidence exists without identifying its character or considered specific hypotheses ab...

W. Dai, Zheng-Hao Zhou, Maya Viswanathan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Review Oct 2026

FederatedBytes: Tokenizer-Free, Byte-Level Small Language Models for Efficient Multimodal Federated Learning

Federated Learning (FL) is a powerful machine learning framework that allows building a global model from the contributions of multiple, distributed clients, while ensuring the privacy of their local data. However, its heavy computational and communication overheads challenge its use for contemporary AI workloads such...

Ali Sarabadani, Massimo Piccardi, M. Abolhasan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Causal Edit Serialization

Standard autoregressive language models generate text sequentially, but revision requires referring back to tokens in the input context or those already generated. Causal Edit Serialization (CES) is introduced as a framework for expressing such revisions within the same causal token stream. Special pointer tokens are p...

Louis Robinson · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Reasoning Reranking with Semantic IDs as the Sole Item Representation

Reasoning rerankers write a rationale before ranking a candidate slate, and existing systems read item metadata to do so, even though generative recommenders increasingly represent items as compact Semantic IDs (SIDs). Ranking from SIDs alone has two appeals: SID prompts are far shorter than the matched item text, and...

Zhenwei Tang, Jin-Tao Liu, Di Bai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reading the News Without Hindsight: NoLBERT Topics and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Language models that read financial news are usually trained on text from the same years used to test them, so a backtest can reward hindsight. We build news topics from NoLBERT, an encoder pretrained only on text published between 1976 and 1995, adapted into a sentence encoder by contrastive fine-tuning on passages of...

Kevin Foley, Jonathan Hartadi, Shivesh Prakash et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CoLU: Confidence-Weighted Layerwise Unlearning for Large Language Models

Large language model (LLM) unlearning aims to forget certain information while preserving others, without retraining from scratch. SoTA methods such as NPO, SimNPO, and SatImp balance forgetting and retain through whole model fine-tuning, while FOM-UL explores selective layer updates. Prior works show that suppressing...

Jingkai Guo, Ziyi Zhao, Chaitali Chakrabarti et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

HeRE: A Novel Benchmark for Hebrew Relation Extraction via LLM-Guided Denoising of Knowledge Graph Alignments

While LLMs demonstrate strong capabilities in English Relation Extraction (RE) tasks, a significant gap remains in assessing their RE performance in low-resource languages, due to a lack of standardized benchmarks. Creating native, language-specific annotated RE benchmarks is expensive and requires human expertise, whi...

Ron Keinan, A. Cohen, Reut Tsarfaty · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where Prefill Expert Reduction Hurts MoE Models: A Few Prompt Tokens Carry Most of the Short-Answer F1 Loss

Running prompt tokens through fewer routed experts during prefill is a simple way to make mixture-of-experts (MoE) serving cheaper, yet it is unclear what this damages. We locate the damage with token-, layer- and attention-path interventions on short-answer question answering in four MoE families. At half the experts...

Zhiyuan Wang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Sample, Mix, or Verify? Allocating Test-Time Compute under Imperfect Verifiers

A common way to make language models and agents more accurate is to spend more compute at inference time: generate many candidate solutions and submit the one a verifier prefers. Success then requires that some candidate is correct and that the verifier picks it. The first grows predictably with the number of samples;...

Srinivasan Iyengar · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Tree-Aware Posterior Distillation for Long-Horizon Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has become a scalable post-training paradigm for large language models. However, training agents over long-horizon interactions presents two challenges: using only terminal rewards makes turn-level credit assignment sparse and high-variance, while sequential mini-batch upd...

Heming Zou, Qi Wang, Yi-Xiu Mao et al. · 2 citations

From tech blogs

See all →
Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.