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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

The belief-action gap in language model agents

Language model (LM) agents can fail for different reasons, requiring different explanations and interventions. We study how state beliefs, action values, and action preferences interact as LM agents reason and commit to decisions in text-rendered grid worlds. We estimate task-relevant beliefs using report-based and rep...

A. S. Okcu, Wei-Sheng Wang, Tong-Meng Xie et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

claimcheck: Measuring and Improving Specification Faithfulness

Formal verification proves that a program satisfies its specification, but says nothing about whether the specification captures what the author meant. As LLMs increasingly write both code and specifications, a gap between the author's natural-language requirement and the specification becomes a live risk. A machine-ch...

Martin Amster, One An, Holly Baker et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Thinking Outside the Bots: Human Ideas in AI's Semantic Blind Spots Are Not Inferior

AI-generated outputs are frequently perceived as highly creative, but also tend to be more similar to each other (homogenized) than human ideas. Does the human heterogeneity that extends beyond AI reflect valuable thinking that AI misses? Alternatively, is greater human heterogeneity driven by lower-quality ideas and l...

Kibum Moon, Dan R. Johnson, Kostadin Kushlev et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

StartLux-Decision: AutoThink Decision Models with Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Deliberative Decisions

We introduce StartLux-Decision, decision models from 0.8B to 27B parameters that combine efficient single-pass prediction with adaptive, confidence-guided reasoning. The Instant models use bidirectional attention in full-attention layers to improve decision accuracy while keeping single-pass inference. The AutoThink mo...

Xialie Zhuang, Zunhai Su, Jia Pan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Conceptual EneMonIE to an Executable Backend: A Modular Architecture for Energy Information Extractionand Grounded Question Answering

The original EneMonIE proposal describes a Web-based semantic system for continuously monitoring energy trends through targeted information extraction from heterogeneous online media. This article presents EneMonIE-Backend, an implementation-derived redesign that converts that conceptual pipeline into a modular, execut...

Janik Lesage, Khadim L\^o, and Jean-S\'ebastien Dessureault · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

D2: High-Capability Full-Duplex Spoken Language Models from Half-Duplex Backbones

Full-duplex spoken language models (FD-SLMs) support simultaneous listening and speaking, but often lag behind half-duplex spoken language models (HD-SLMs) in general capabilities. We propose Dialogue-to-Duplex (D2), a framework that converts pretrained HD-SLMs into high-capability FD-SLMs at fine temporal granularity....

Cheng-Kuang Chang, Alexander H. Liu, Brian Kingsbury et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Calibrated Typed Decisions for Entity, Relation, and Event Extraction

Information extraction models often perform well on the datasets they are trained on, but transferring to new domains and annotation guidelines remains challenging. Supporting user-specified types alone does not resolve this problem. We present CalOn, a unified 0.6B-parameter encoder for entity, relation, and event ext...

Yang Wang, Hanlin Xiao, Yanan Ma et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SarcasTraps: Effect of Sarcasm on Turkish Hate Speech Detection

Standard hate speech detection datasets often emphasize explicit harmful language, but directed harm can also be expressed indirectly, without clearly hateful wording. Sarcasm is one such form of indirect expression, as it can convey harmful intent through mock praise, exaggeration, humor, or apparent politeness. In th...

Niyazi Ahmet Metin, Dilara Kek\"ull\"uo\u{g}lu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Davinci-Tool: Scaling Agentic Tool-Use Supervision with Verifiable Executable Environments

Reliable agentic tool use requires training data that pair diverse multi-step workflows with executable evidence that the requested outcomes were achieved. Scaling either trajectory coverage or verification alone is insufficient as new environments introduce distinct states, rules, and dependencies that must also be re...

Xiaoyang Yuan, Ji Zhao, Xingyu Hu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Oct 2026

A Scaled-Up Empirical Study of Syntactic Language Models

Syntactic language models (SLMs) that generate sentences along with their syntactic tree structures have shown promise in both syntactic generalization and downstream tasks. Prior studies, however, have mostly evaluated smaller models trained on less pretraining data and tested on narrower task suites. In addition, the...

Peng-Cheng Wang, Zhe-Xu Zhang, Chao Lou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Audit Before You Distill: A Controlled Workflow for Reasoning Transfer into Compact Medical Language Models

Teacher rationales can help a smaller model answer health professions questions, but they can also reinforce errors. We examined when they help and how this evidence can guide training using Brazilian Portuguese questions from medical and multiprofessional residency examinations. First, we measured how a teacher ration...

Tiago Martinelli, Jo\~ao Paulo Papa, Adriano Jos\'e Pereira · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SuPER-Mamba: Surprisal Prioritization for Extended-Context Routing in Mamba

State space models provide efficient linear-complexity processing for long sequences, but their performance frequently degrades as context length grows. We propose SuPER-Mamba, a training-free framework that uses Surprisal as a model-intrinsic signal for long-range state routing in pretrained Mamba models. SuPER-Mamba...

Zhetong Zhang, Gayan K Kulatilleke · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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