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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Diff Diffusion: Predicting Edit Paths with Diffusion Models for Efficient Code Editing

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are appealing for code generation because they can update many tokens in parallel, yet many are optimized for sequence synthesis rather than edit prediction. This setting is poorly matched to modern AI-assisted IDEs, where edit prediction must infer the next code change from rece...

Xiaolong Xu, Hao Jiang, Bo Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Checking the Checkers: A Synthesis of Verifier Noise and Robustness in RLVR

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a principal recipe for improving the reasoning of large language models (LLMs). It rests on the assumption that the checker scoring each response is itself correct. In practice, rule-based checkers reject correct answers in unexpected formats, unit tests...

Savyasachi Gupta, Aniruddha Srinivas Joshi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Efficiently Learning To Reason or Not to Reason: Root-token Policy Optimization for Adaptive Thinking

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by externalizing explicit reasoning traces before producing the answer, yet suffer from overthinking challenge that allocates uniformly heavy computation to queries of varying difficulty. While proprietary models mitigate this via opaque routing, open-source LRMs...

Taehyeon Kim, Hyunsoo Lee, Youngsoo Jang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Auditing Failure Attribution: Label Predictability and Judge Behavior

Failure-attribution benchmarks ask an LLM judge which step or agent caused a failure. A high score should mean the judge checked the faulty step against the run (a cross-step check). However, spurious signals (surface cues) that predict the annotation can produce a high score. In this paper, we propose four tests to se...

Tianyang Xu, Jing Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SkillScreen: High-Recall Screening of Malicious Agent Skills with Decision Models

Agent skills turn natural-language instructions into actions, creating a security challenge: legitimate automation and malicious behaviour can look deceptively similar. A practical screen must catch nearly every attack while keeping the review load manageable. We present SkillScreen, a compact decision model trained to...

Jerrold Huang, Junwei Quan, Saiyue Lyu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LatentRiskBench: Measuring State-Dependent Risks in Enterprise Agents

Enterprise agents face safety risks that cannot be determined from individual actions alone. Existing safety benchmarks largely evaluate action-local risks, overlooking failures whose safety depends on workflow state. In such state-dependent risks, the same action may be safe in one context but violate policy in anothe...

Jingyue Cong, Estrid He, Zhuang Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

DeltaTTG: Training Multi-Turn Agents with a Token-to-Go Progress Meter

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for multi-turn agents relies on sparse terminal rewards that say little about individual steps. Within-group step comparisons depend on reliable state matching and sufficiently diverse sampled outcomes, while direct step scoring may require costly external evaluator...

Xu-Yan Ye, Xiyan Fu, Sheng-Da Fan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RELAY: Selective Self-Distillation with Adaptive Hand-off for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning

Rubric-based reinforcement learning grades a response against many written criteria but collapses them into one reward, which discards the detail the rubric carries and gives no GRPO reward gradient when a group's responses tie. A frozen teacher that reads the rubric as privileged context provides token-level supervisi...

Kunwang Zheng, Xinyu Sun, Yu Cao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Tanawpamana: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Philippine Cultural Heritage Sites

The Tanawpamana Dataset is introduced, a repository of Philippine heritage site images with metadata based on the Talapamana registry of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines, comprising 4,046 tasks designed to evaluate models'recognition and knowledge of heritage sites.

Ivan Yuri De Leon, Hiroki Ouchi, S. Sakti · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dissociating Answerability from Extraction in LLM Question Answering over Radiology Reports

Answering questions from radiology reports involves two decisions: whether the report contains an answer and which span gives it. A false answer presents an unsupported claim as fact; an over-abstention hides what the report says. Yet RadQA results are reported as a single F1 that merges both. We propose an evaluation...

Priyanshu Sinha, Kelsey McDonald · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Many Steps into One: Reasoning Contraction and the Limits of Safe Memory Reuse for LLM Agents

Thought templates, skill libraries, agent memories and caches turn many reasoning steps into one. We call this reasoning contraction. A contracted memory saves reasoning steps and errors until its facts change, then quietly answers wrong. Most systems trust memories by counting successes and failures. We prove that suc...

Jianghong Zhou, Hao Rong, Chen Lin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Compositional RL: Evaluating and Training LLMs for Collaborative Reasoning

Language models are often evaluated alone but increasingly deployed together, routed between, made to debate, ensembled, or collaboratively trained. For a model inside a system, what matters most is not how well it performs on its own, but how much the system gains from its presence. We call this a model's compositiona...

Shangbin Feng, Yulia Tsvetkov, Jan Kautz et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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