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natural language processing

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Sequent-Prover: Training Agents for Formal, Checkable SMT-based Reasoning

We introduce Sequent-Prover, a family of verifier-using language-model agents, and the post-training framework that produces them. Agents reason in an executable SMT-LIB scratchpad: they write complete SMT-LIB programs, query Z3 across turns, inspect solver feedback, repair formalizations, and terminate with an explici...

Debargha Ganguly, Wei-Cong Chen, Mohsen Hariri et al. · 4 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PANINI-DR: Controlled Deep Research through Generative Semantic Workspaces

Deep research requires connecting multiple steps of search, reasoning, and computation, with intermediate findings guiding what to investigate next. As investigations grow, agents must maintain research state across model calls and check findings before errors propagate into subsequent work. We introduce PANINI-DR, a m...

M. Yigit Turali, Shreyas Rajesh, M. Efe Lorasdagi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Exploring Jailbreak Vulnerability Across Depth-Based Dynamic Inference in Large Language Models

This paper makes the following key observations: Shallow exits are consistently more robust to jailbreak attacks than deeper ones; Exit depth affects how easily the adversarial suffix can be optimized, with deeper exits reaching lower attack loss; and adversarial suffixes affect utility uniformly across exit depths.

Lass Najmuldeen, Seyedhamidreza Mousavi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

UDHRBench: Benchmarking Human Rights in Large Language Models

Large language models are increasingly deployed in contexts requiring adherence to ethical and legal norms, yet their alignment with internationally recognized human rights standards remains underexplored. We introduce UDHRBench, a large-scale benchmark for operationalising the evaluation of large language model compli...

Alak Raad, Noreldin Morssy, Zeerak Suhail et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

Have You Been Convinced? A Neuro-symbolic Argumentation Reasoning Approach to Detecting Persuasiveness in ChangeMyView Discussions

Argument structures represent how individual arguments interact within a discourse. However, leveraging these structures to infer meaningful knowledge remains challenging, as it requires a formal representation of how argumentative influence propagates across the structure. We propose Neuro-symbolic Argumentation Reaso...

Siddharth Bhargava, Sara Tonelli, Patricia Mart\'in-Rodilla · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Select or Rewrite: Oracle-Guided Fine-Tuning for Generative ASR Post-Editing from N-Best Hypotheses

Large language models can post-edit ASR by using linguistic context to compare N-best hypotheses and rewrite the transcript when needed, often improving WER without retraining the recognizer. However, prompt-only correction is brittle: it may over-edit when top-1 is correct and hallucinate when the reference is absent,...

Shi-Ran Liu, Gao-Hui Xu, Sergio Burdisso et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Toward System One Clinical Intelligence: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Counterfactual Explainability of Decision Foundation Models

Automated disease classification from patient-reported symptoms requires balancing the speed of lightweight discriminative models against the contextual understanding and latency costs of autoregressive large language models (LLMs). Decision foundation models offer an alternative by mapping representations directly to...

S. Ahmed · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

UltraBERT: Beyond the Limit of BERT Pre-Training

Recent bidirectional encoders have been modernized with innovations from causal large language models (LLMs). However, the pretraining recipe itself remains inherited from small-scale conventions, leaving encoders underoptimized, with no single model performing competitively across both classification and retrieval tas...

Jungwoo Park, Taewhoo Lee, Jaewoo Kang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Vela: User Behavior as Supervision Sparks LLM Intelligence

Large language models are increasingly deployed in applications that act on users'long-term behavior histories, from personal assistants to recommendation and advertising systems. These applications demand the user dimension of LLM intelligence: inferring a person's preferences, intent, and likely future actions from w...

Yang Xiao, Yu-Song Sun, Haoyi Wu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Lingdan-V2: Large language models for clinically grounded reasoning in traditional Chinese medicine

A TCM language model family comprising models with 4 billion, 8 billion, and 14 billion parameters is developed, demonstrating a scalable pathway from domain grounding and reasoning supervision to clinically oriented prescription decision support.

Rui Hua, Yu Wei, Zi-Cai Jin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Merging-conditional Backdoor Unalignment against Large Language Models

Model merging has become widely adopted for enhancing the task-specific performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without additional training. While the specialized model from third-party platforms may undergo safety audits (e.g., backdoor detection), we reveal a novel and critical threat: One-sided Merging-Condition...

Yu-Kun Chen, Yi-Dou Chen, Yi-Ming Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AphaVoice: Text-to-Speech Model for Aphasia Patient Simulation

While language therapy is the primary treatment for post-stroke aphasia, limited clinical resources often restrict patient access to proper care. Addressing this gap requires reliable training simulations for medical professionals. However, current AI efforts focus almost exclusively on speech processing, leaving speec...

Al Varrel Putra Kusuma, Fernando Bello, Joshua Brown · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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