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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Implicit Beliefs as Scalable Process Rewards for Strategic Persuasion

Training large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn strategic persuasion faces two coupled obstacles: (i) realistic simulation of psychologically grounded persuadees, and (ii) dense, faithful supervision for credit assignment in strategic dialogues. Outcome-only rewards are sparse and uninformative about which convers...

Minqian Liu, Yuexi Shen, Heajun An et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Novel or Not? PatEx-Gym: Agentic Prior-Art Search for Novelty Assessment in Patent Examination

Patent examination is a challenging real-world task that requires agents to discover sparse prior art, iteratively refine queries, inspect technical evidence, and produce novelty assessments documented in Office Actions (OAs) across heterogeneous scientific and technical domains. However, existing benchmarks largely fo...

Qiyao Wang, Xinyi Chen, Hongbo Wang et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

Of Chains and Gains: What Reinforcement Learning changes on Reasoning-based Image Quality Assessment

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the performance of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on image quality assessment (IQA). Existing approaches often attribute these gains to improved reasoning before scoring, supported by increasingly plausible Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, whether...

Yi-Xuan Li, Yuxuan Jiang, Han-Wei Zhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Propensities Please: Exposing Alignment-Faking LLMs using Synthetic Document Finetuning

Alignment evaluations aim to assess whether large language models would engage in dangerous misaligned behaviour. Misaligned and evaluation-aware models might engage in alignment faking, where they pursue a hidden goal, but conceal this behaviour when they suspect effective oversight such as during training, evaluation...

Ardy Haroen, Florian Lorkowski, Samuel Nellessen et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLMs Can Tackle High Energy Theoretical Physics, yet Gaps Remain: Part I, Quantum Field Theory

Beyond math and code, Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to tackle problems that have traditionally required substantial training for theoretical physicists, but it remains unclear how far this capability extends and where it might break. As a first step toward pushing LLMs in high-energy theoretical physics, w...

Tong Liu, Bohan Li, Gongrui Cheng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Speculative Forking: Turning Idle Wait into Parallel Exploration for Repository Environment Setup

Before developers can use a software project, they must first get it to run. This often requires installing the right language runtime, system packages, build tools, and test commands. Recent LLM-based agents automate environment setup by inspecting a repository, writing setup scripts, running them, and repairing the r...

Yuling Shi, Mingchu Zhong, Zhensu Sun et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prospect Theory in Large Language Models: A Meta-Analysis of Loss Aversion, Diminishing Sensitivity, and Probability Weighting

Prospect theory splits risky choice into three parts: loss aversion, measured by the relative weight of losses to gains, $\lambda$ (e.g., $\lambda = 2$ implies that losses weigh twice as much as gains), diminishing sensitivity to the size of outcomes (i.e., the curvature and linearity of the value function), and the no...

Adi Tarabeih · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Multimodal Framework for Measuring Creator Communication on Short-Form Video

Short-form video combines speech, imagery, and on-screen text, creating challenges for systematic content analysis. We present a five-stage multimodal framework for measuring creators' themes and communication strategies at scale. The framework integrates platform metadata, speech transcripts, and vision-language descr...

Julie R. Ancis, Michael Fire, Omer Tarshish · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Lessons from Luck: Do LLM-Written Lessons Carry Chance into an Agent's Next Decision?

Self-improving agents write lessons from the outcomes of their runs; when outcomes are noisy, a lesson can carry chance into later decisions. We measure one link of this chain in a registered study. In 256 synthetic worlds, each a recurring task with two interchangeable tools of recorded reliability, a scripted previou...

Kazuki Nakayashiki · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Can Language Models Learn While They Think? Testing Gradient Adaptation Across Architectures

Letting a language model take gradient steps on the text it is reading, known as dynamic evaluation, lowers its loss on the rest of the document. Its behaviour on hybrid linear-attention architectures, on diffusion language models, and on standard long-context benchmarks has not been measured. We measure it. With one S...

Surya Saka · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Evolving to Match Capabilities: Improving Harness Self-Evolution via Skill Adaptation

Harness self-evolution offers a practical route for LLM agents to improve from execution experience without updating model parameters. Its effectiveness depends on whether models can successfully act on the guidance provided by their harnesses. However, we find that harness benefits are not uniform across model capabil...

Zhi-Hao Yang, Haojin Wang, Jun-Cheng Wu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Veracity labels flip the emotional tone of language models but leave racial disparities intact

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly deliver information through personas, but it is unclear whether correcting the facts also makes their framing consistent across identity labels. We audited four LLMs (GPT-5.4 mini, NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano, Llama 4 Scout, and Claude Haiku 4.5), which rated simulated affect on six...

Nouar Aldahoul, M. J. Tan, Yasir Zaki · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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