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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#machine learning Review Oct 2026

Ranking Is Not Deciding: Benchmark Shortcuts and Operating-Point Collapse in Query-Time RAG Poisoning Defenses

Query-time filters that screen each retrieved document before it reaches the generator are the dominant published defense against retrieval-augmented generation poisoning, and they report near-perfect detection on domain benchmarks. We show that this performance is predicted by how the poison set was built rather than...

P. Kumar, Arvin Sahaym · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Grounding on Request: Learning Modality Control in Vision-Language Models

When an image and its caption disagree, can a user reliably control which one a vision-language model (VLM) follows? Accuracy alone cannot answer this question, since a model might give the correct answer from parametric knowledge without following the requested evidence. We therefore evaluate modality grounding contro...

M. Dassen, Alexander Martin, Andrew Yates et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

EnvLunch: The Environment as a Free Lunch for Learning to Interact

For agentic data analysis, language-model agents often require a large number of annotated tasks to learn how to interact effectively with executable environments (i.e., databases). While high-quality annotated tasks require heavy manual effort, an executable environment already provides rich interaction structure and...

Wei Liu, Min Gao, Ya-Li Du et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Whispers from the Neighbors: Rethinking Caption Consensus as Inference-Time Evidence for Vision-Language Retrieval

An image is rarely described only once. Retrieval benchmarks and many collections attach several captions to each picture, yet dual encoders still judge every image-caption pair in isolation. We ask what these neighboring captions contribute when a frozen encoder consults them at inference time. Fusing image similarity...

Khang Nhat Hoang Vo, Belal Shoer, Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Hitchhiker's Guide to System 1 Models: Fast Decision-Making Beyond LLMS

Large Language Models excel at reasoning and generation but their autoregressive, token-by-token inference makes them unnecessarily slow, expensive, and poorly calibrated for the many routine decisions (routing, gating, scoring, classification) that modern AI systems require at sub-second latency. A growing class of mo...

Haggai Roitman · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PathKGen: Pathology Knowledge Assisted MLLM for Explainable Histopathology

Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis serves as the fundamental method for the clinical diagnosis of cancer in digital histopathology. Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled state-of-the-art (SOTA) automated histopathology report generation. However, MLLMs reason purely through distribution...

Nadun Rajapaksha, Sandun Herath, Devnith Wijesinghe et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Meta-CLIP: Metadata-Conditioned Contrastive Learning for Zero-Shot Disease Inference

Medical vision--language pretraining learns transferable representations from paired images and radiology reports, yet differences in scanners and acquisition protocols can impair transfer. Existing approaches primarily enrich clinical semantics, leaving structured acquisition information in DICOM headers underused. We...

Haozhe Luo, Nirosh Sivanesan, Shelley Zixin Shu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Jointly Modeling Preferences and Imperfect Decision-Making in Large Language Models

Do preferences Large Language Models (LLMs) express in standard elicitation tasks predict their strategic behaviour? LLM agents interacting with humans and other AI systems face potentially conflicting objectives, such as individual welfare, group welfare, and environmental concerns. Prior work characterizes LLM prefer...

Axel Abels, Elias Fern\'andez Domingos, Tom Lenaerts · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PreView: Enhancing GUI Grounding with Preprocessed Views and Cues

GUI grounding requires locating small controls in cluttered screenshots and identifying which control a natural-language instruction refers to. Cropping and enlargement can expose local detail, but the resulting image may still leave ambiguity about the intended target. We propose PreView, an auxiliary preprocessor tha...

Wenjun Hou, Kaishuai Xu · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Model-Theoretic Formalization of AlKhwaremis ilm alfaraid

This paper presents a model theoretic and computational formalization of AlKhwarizmis treatment of inheritance within the framework of Computational Fiqh. We first show that every inheritance configuration in a specified class is representable as a finite system of rational linear equalities and inequalities, and that...

Elnaserledinellah Mahmoud Abdelwahab · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SkillShift-Bench: Benchmarking Skill Learning under Environment Evolution for Web Agents

Skill learning enables web agents to reuse prior experience for long-horizon interactive tasks. However, learned skills are typically evaluated in closed environments, overlooking the fact that real-world web deployment involves continuous shifts in invocation context, perceptual grounding, and execution feasibility. T...

Bo-Yu Chen, Zhi Zhou, Yu-Feng Li · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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