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small language model

3,468 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

A mechanistic study of language model introspection

Across three model families, two small groups of attention heads are identified with distinct roles in introspective reporting supporting introspective detection and localization of large language models.

Jia-Hong Zou, Xiang-Kun Sun, Ling-Kai Kong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

From Preference to Reciprocity: Decentralized Matching with Empirically Grounded LLM-agent Based Modeling

The proposed dynamic bipartite matching framework supports the advantages of decentralized matching with LLM-based behavioral modeling and online learning under incomplete information for economic simulation and computational social science research.

Wang-Xuan Fan, Xiao-Yu Nie, Zhou-Tian Shi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

ABC-Align: Prediction-Powered Alignment with Adaptive Bias Control

This work proposes ABC-Align, leveraging abundant pseudo label signal to minimize variance and applying a lightweight, adaptive correction grounded in the human-labeled subset, and empirically demonstrates that ABC-Align achieves superior performance over prior semi-supervised baselines in a series of experiments on an...

Eric Frankel, Bang-Hua Zhu, Sewoong Oh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

When Harness Beats Scale, and When Reading Beats Both

We describe our system for DocSem, the document-grounded quantitative reasoning shared task at DocInsights 2026, and analyze why it succeeded on labeled data and failed on the test set. The pipeline pairs hybrid block retrieval with Program-of-Thoughts (PoT) generation executed in a sandboxed interpreter, self-consiste...

Ivan Bondarenko, Nikolay O. Nikitin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Learning to Steer, Steering to See: Unveiling the Geometry of RLVR in Large Language Models via Trainable Vectors

The Alpha-Stabler framework is proposed, a plug-and-play framework with a Predictor that monitors principal-subspace intrusion for early collapse warnings, and a Controller that removes the principal-subspace component of activation gradients during backpropagation while preserving the orthogonal complement.

Yu-Chen Cai, Ding Cao, Qi-Xiang Yin et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Bayesian Active Learning for Intent Disambiguation in Interactive Robot Planning

This work proposes a Bayesian framework that treats clarification as an active learning problem over grounded Signal Temporal Logic task specifications and uses LLMs to initialize candidate formal specifications and translate informative contrasts into natural-language clarification questions, while Bayesian optimizati...

Hu-Ao Li, Carson Sobolewski, A. Saravanos et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

SAGE: Symbolic Action-Gating and Editing for LLM Task Planners

SAGE (Symbolic Action-Gating and Editing), a single-LLM planner built from two lightweight mechanisms: a domain-agnostic symbolic gate that blocks precondition-violating actions with typed reasons as a runtime safety monitor, and a local edit that regenerates only the failed sub-goal's suffix, keeping completed and unt...

T. Bui, Jongsul Moon, Youngouk Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Unknown is not normal: separating language-model extraction from rule-based decision logic for clinical risk scores

This work tests whether separating three-state extraction (present, absent or unknown, by an LLM) from decision logic (deterministic code computing score bounds over unknown inputs) lets a system ask only questions that can change the decision.

Nicolás Vera Zúñiga · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

API Secrets Should Never Become Tokens in the LLM's Vocabulary: A Threat Analysis of API Credential Handling in LLM Agent Systems and an Empirical Evaluation of a Vault-Mediated Execution Boundary

Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents turn credential hygiene from a storage problem into an execution-security problem. A key pasted into a prompt, or embedded in a system prompt or tool configuration, crosses from an authentication boundary into a data pipeline, where it may persist in conversation history, lo...

P. Kenney, Hadi Ahmadi, Denis Lusson et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Sep 2026

Query, Align, and Distill: Navigation-Aware Cross-Modal Interaction for Efficient Vision-and-Language Navigation

A high-performing teacher is built that makes navigation evidence selection explicit and compressible, and a compact student is trained by transferring both where to attend and what to do, then further match action distributions during fine-tuning.

Zhihao Chen, Yi-Yuan Ge, Zi-Yang Wang et al. · 0 citations

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