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small language model

3,573 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Perceived usefulness and intention to use large language model-generated feedback across three educational levels: a user-centred study in programming

These findings characterise the correlates of perceived usefulness and intention to use within each feedback layer, supporting human-centred designs that preserve student judgement and instructor oversight.

Pedro C. Mendonça, Filipe Quintal, Mário A. T. Figueiredo et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

A Small–Large Model Collaborative Framework for Safety-Constrained and Interpretable Rail Replacement Decision-Making in Heavy-Haul Railways

With the increasing transportation load of heavy-haul railways, rail damages continuously accumulate and exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Conventional rail replacement strategies based on fixed cycles, expert experience, or simple threshold rules often fail to balance safety and economy, leading to both over-...

Le Ma, Zhichun Yan, Jianyou Li et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

Soluble ST2 dynamic changes predict the cardiorenal protective efficacy of arni in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of HF cases, predominantly affecting older adults with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Despite the breakthrough provided by angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), approximately 30%...

Yong Il Ho, Zhi-Quan Wang, Jong-Suk Mun et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Meta-analysis Open access Sep 2026

Efficacy and safety of maternal RSV vaccination against infant lower respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Maternal RSVpreF vaccination confers substantial, generalisable protection against infant RSV disease, with randomised and real-world evidence in close agreement, supporting its continued programmatic use alongside ongoing post-marketing surveillance.

Gokce Naz Kucukbas Ozonder, A. Yavuz · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

Cognitive and existential-motivational pathways from empathy to prosocial behavior: a parallel mediation study in a Chinese university sample

Objective This study examined a parallel mediation model in which empathy was hypothesized to be associated with prosocial behavior through two theoretically distinct pathways: a capability-oriented pathway via self-efficacy and an existential-motivational pathway via meaning in life, among Chinese university students....

Wei-Kuan Si, Pan-Jia Chen, Jie Cao et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

An LLM-assisted optimization algorithm for energy-efficient flexible job shop scheduling problem with unreliable machines and AGVs

With technological advancements, the influence of small-batch flexible production models in manufacturing continues to grow, making the flexible job shop scheduling problem a key approach to addressing these industry challenges. Simultaneously, the impact of random machine failures and limited buffers cannot be underes...

Zhiyuan Zeng, Zhiyang Jia, Zongyang Wu · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

The economics of accuracy for medical reasoning with large language models

A general framework with equations to balance cost-benefit trade-offs when engineering LLM-based systems for medical reasoning and QA is formulated and generalizable configurations, designs, and patterns are recommended to achieve accuracy and efficiency objectives.

Kiran Bhattacharyya, S. Kamabattula · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Corpus-level behavioral intensity in human–AI conversations

This study proposes a transparent rule-based framework for estimating persistence, delegation-related lexical patterns, and refinement-related lexical markers without inferring psychological dependence in conversational generative models.

Aracely Mera-Navarrete, Solange Revelo, Jefferson Beltrán-Morales et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Integrating Geogebra and Liveworksheets in Developing PMRI-Based Interactive Worksheets: a 4D Model Study on Linear Equations

To address persistent shortcomings in students’ conceptual understanding, this development study designed and validated interactive digital worksheets grounded in the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education approach (PMRI) and integrating GeoGebra and Liveworksheets for eighth‑grade instruction on linear equation. E...

D. A. Wijayanti, Mimi Nur Hajizah, Adhisty Artamevia Irawan et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Can Large Language Models Evaluate Grant Proposal Quality? Revisiting the Wennerås and Wold Peer Review Data

Abstract Purpose Despite the importance of peer review for grant funding decisions, academics are often reluctant to conduct it. This can lead to long delays between submission and the final decision as well as the risk of substandard reviews from busy or non-specialist scholars. At least one funder now uses Large Lang...

Ulf Sandström, Mike Thelwall · 1 citation
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

What is the Role of Small Models in the LLM Era: A Survey

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks, which leads to the development of increasingly large models. However, scaling up model sizes results in significantly higher computational costs and energy consumption, which makes these models impractical for ac...

Lihu Chen, Gaël Varoquaux · 6 citations

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