Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Tahiti Acid Lime (Citrus latifolia) Mesocarp Extract in a Murine Model of DSS-Induced Colitis

Abstract

Background: Citrus peel extracts are widely recognized for their potent antioxidant activity and have been evaluated in experimental models for the treatment and prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Their biological potential is primarily attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoid, which possess distinct anti-inflammatory and bioactive properties. However, research regarding their specific efficacy in acute colitis models remains limited. Tahiti acid lime (Citrus latifolia) represents an abundant source of these phytochemicals; nevertheless, its peel is frequently discarded as agro-industrial waste, resulting in a negative environmental impact. Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Tahiti acid lime peel extract in a preventive model of DSS-induced colitis. Methods: The extract was obtained through ultrasound-assisted hydroalcoholic extraction using 60% ethanol (1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio), followed by vacuum filtration, concentration via rotary evaporation, and lyophilization. Subsequently, it was orally administered to male CD-1 mice for 15 days at dosages of 150 mg/kg body weight and 350 mg/kg body weight. Results: Compared to the DSS-only group, the mesocarp phenolic extract significantly ameliorated the severity of clinical symptoms as measured by the Disease Activity Index (DAI) reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a marker of neutrophil infiltration), and suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as detected by the DCFH-DA assay. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Tahiti acid lime (Citrus latifolia) extract represents a promising natural preventive agent against the oxidative stress and inflammatory damage associated with colitis.