Analysis of Sociodemographic Factors and Pesticide Management Practices among Vegetable Farmers in Abidjan and Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract

Background: The use of pesticides in market gardening presents challenges for the management of agricultural practices across various cropping systems in Côte d'Ivoire, where demand for fresh vegetables continues to increase. Objective: This study aims to analyse the sociodemographic characteristics influencing pesticide use and management among market gardeners in the region. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 128 vegetable growers in Abidjan and Bouaké from 2022 to 2024. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and tests of proportions. Results: Overall, 95.31% of the market gardeners interviewed were men, and 42.19% had no formal education. Of the pesticides recorded, 30% in Abidjan and 42.86% in Bouaké were banned or unregistered. In Abidjan, 20% of the pesticides belonged to toxicological class Ia, whereas 17% in Bouaké belonged to class Ib. Several risky practices were observed: 82.81% and 71.87% of market gardeners purchased pesticides from market vendors; 76.56% and 79.69% disposed of empty pesticide containers in fields or natural environments; 79.69% and 67.19% did not understand the hazard pictograms; and 73.43% and 59.37% stored pesticides in their fields in Abidjan and Bouaké, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate pesticide-management practices that may pose risks to farmers, consumers and the environment. Strengthening health education, improving access to training and promoting agroecological practices are necessary to reduce pesticide exposure.