Aug 2026· Cancers· Vol 18, pp. 2563· 1 citation· 48 references
Medicine
TL;DR
Lifestyle assessment including smoking status may help identify people with metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease who are at greater cancer risk, although the pattern was not consistent across every category.
Abstract
Simple Summary People with metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease may have a higher risk of developing cancer, but it remains unclear how combinations of smoking, physical activity, and diet affect this risk. We studied 25,712 participants from the UKi Biobank to examine whether healthier or less healthy lifestyle patterns were related to new cancer diagnoses. During follow-up, 4416 participants developed cancer. Having more favorable behaviors tended to be associated with a lower cancer risk, whereas having more adverse behaviors tended to be associated with a higher risk, although the pattern was not consistent across every category. Current smoking showed the clearest association with increased cancer risk. Therefore, lifestyle assessment including smoking status may help identify people with metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease who are at greater cancer risk.
Glucosamine is a commonly used supplement, but concerns persist regarding its use in individuals with diabetes. This study aimed to examine the association of habitual glucosamine use with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to explore the potential mediating role of blood biomarkers in these associations. We included 19125 participants with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank who provided self-reported information on glucosamine use at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations, with results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the extent to which selected blood biomarkers may be involved in these associations. Over a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 3045 deaths were recorded, including 1095 cancer deaths and 741 cardiovascular deaths. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, glucosamine use was associated with lower risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.77 (0.68, 0.86), 0.82 (0.68, 0.99), and 0.73 (0.57, 0.94), respectively. These associations were generally consistent across several subgroups, including diabetes-related factors, demographic characteristics, lifestyle, medication use and health conditions. Furthermore, blood biomarkers (such as cystatin C, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein) explained 13.61% (95% CI, 8.26, 34.14) of the association between glucosamine use and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that glucosamine use was inversely associated with mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with several blood biomarkers partly explaining this association; however, clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Mengyang Xia, Rui Li, Yuxiang Wang et al.· The Innovation Nutrition· 0 citations
Background A healthy lifestyle reduces the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether this observed association varies by weight status remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and the risk of CAD across different weight statuses. Methods This prospective cohort study included 8,787 Chinese adults recruited from a health examination center. We developed a healthy lifestyle score (0–4 points) based on smoking, drinking, physical activity, and diet. Participants were classified as normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0) or obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The primary outcome was the incidence of CAD. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), stratified by weight status, and interaction effects were assessed. Results Over a median follow-up period of 7 years, 476 CAD events occurred. Each 1-point increase in lifestyle score was associated with a 24% reduction in CAD risk (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86). Stratified analysis revealed a significant inverse association in normal-weight individuals (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86), while the association in the obesity group did not achieve statistical significance (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.67–1.07). The interaction between lifestyle score and weight status was not statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.464). Joint effect analysis indicated that obese individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle exhibited the highest CAD risk (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13–2.21). Conclusion A healthy lifestyle is significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAD among normal-weight individuals. In contrast, this association is not statistically significant in obese individuals, suggesting potential heterogeneity in the relationship between healthy lifestyle scores and CAD risk based on weight status. Given the observational design and limited power in some subgroup analyses, the results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger prospective studies.
Fengxu Zhang, Zhengfang Wang, Han Zhang· Frontiers in Nutrition· 0 citations
Compelling evidence suggests that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Knowledge regarding the role of early-life factors in the association between dynamic patterns of lifestyle and CVDs is limited. This study aims to investigate whether fetal growth modifies the association between dynamic lifestyle patterns and the risk of CVDs in adulthood. Data were from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. A total of 11,218 participants who completed at least two surveys during 2002-2021 and had birth information from the Medical Birth Register were included in this study. Information on lifestyle factors was collected using questionnaires. We defined a composite score of behavioral health metrics including four lifestyle factors, i.e., smoking, physical activity, fruits intake, and body mass index. Data on birth weight for gestational age and CVDs were obtained from nationwide population-based registers. Cox regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared with the consistently poor level of lifestyle, the persistently good level of lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of CVDs; the fully adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.74 (0.56-0.98). The associations between composite lifestyles and CVDs were mainly driven by body mass index (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.34-0.65) and smoking (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.97). Although the CVD risk reduction associated with lifestyle improvements appeared to vary by birth weight for gestational age, this modifying effect did not reach statistical significance. The findings imply that improvement of lifestyle is crucial for the prevention of CVDs, and restricted fetal growth does not modify this association.
M. Mo, J. Möller, B. Brynedal et al.· The Journal of prevention· 0 citations
Key Points Question Are colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors identified in high-income populations also associated with CRC risk in adults in Nigeria? Findings In this case-control study of 2063 individuals in Nigeria, including 632 patients with CRC matched with 1431 controls, 5 factors significantly associated with CRC were identified: family history of cancer, adult height, body size or type, processed meat intake, and physical activity. There were no associations with diabetes, smoking, or intakes of red meat, fruit, vegetables, fiber, or alcohol. Meaning These findings suggest certain risk factors are shared across populations, representing a critical first step in defining CRC risk profiles to tailor prevention and early detection efforts in the region.
O. Alatise, Noah C. Peeri, F. Abdulkareem et al.· JAMA Network Open· 0 citations