NOVA-GS: Noise-Aware View-Consistent Gaussian Splatting for Low-Light Novel View Synthesis

Abstract

Reconstructing 3D scenes under real-world low-light conditions remains challenging due to severe sensor noise, low signal-to-noise ratios, and degraded photometric consistency, which destabilize geometry estimation and novel view synthesis. Existing approaches often rely on well-lit reference data for reliable Structure-from-Motion (SfM) initialization under degraded inputs or apply per-view enhancement methods that introduce cross-view inconsistencies. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{NOVA-GS}, a unified noise-aware framework for low-light 3D Gaussian Splatting that subsumes enhancement, denoising, and geometry optimization within a single process. Our method leverages VGGT-based feed-forward estimation to obtain robust camera poses and geometry directly from degraded inputs, eliminating the need for SfM. Building on this initialization, NOVA-GS integrates three coupled components: a structure-aware enhancement module for exposure correction, a self-supervised denoising module with blind-spot masking for pseudo-supervision, and a consistency-driven Gaussian Splatting optimization enforcing cross-view geometric coherence. We further introduce a noise-guided spherical harmonic regularization to suppress view-dependent artifacts in noisy regions. Extensive experiments on diverse real-world low-light datasets demonstrate improved geometric fidelity, color consistency, and robustness without requiring paired supervision or well-lit references. https://shaurya2524.github.io/nova-gs/